{"title":"An overview and potential of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing.","authors":"Karan Murjani, Renu Tripathi, Vijai Singh","doi":"10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome editing involves altering of the DNA in organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals using molecular scissors that helps in treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Genome editing technology is exponentially growing and have been developed for enabling precise genomic alterations and the addition, removal, and correction of genes. These modifications begin with the creation of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that is generated by nucleases and can be joined through homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ is quick but increases mutation chances due to deletions and insertions of nucleotides at the break site, while HDR uses homologous templates for precise repair and targeted DNA specific to the gene or sequence. Other methods such as zinc-finger protein is a transcription factor that binds with DNA and binds specific to that sequence, which uniquely recognise 3-base pairs of DNA. TALENs consists of two domains: TALE domain, a transcription activator and FokI that is a restriction endonuclease that cuts the DNA at specific sites. CRISPR-Cas systems are clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats present in various bacterial species. These sequences activate RNA-guided DNA cleavage, aiding in the development of an adaptive immune defence against foreign DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is widely used for genome editing, regulation, diagnostic and many.</p>","PeriodicalId":21157,"journal":{"name":"Progress in molecular biology and translational science","volume":"208 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in molecular biology and translational science","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.009","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/8/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Genome editing involves altering of the DNA in organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals using molecular scissors that helps in treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Genome editing technology is exponentially growing and have been developed for enabling precise genomic alterations and the addition, removal, and correction of genes. These modifications begin with the creation of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that is generated by nucleases and can be joined through homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ is quick but increases mutation chances due to deletions and insertions of nucleotides at the break site, while HDR uses homologous templates for precise repair and targeted DNA specific to the gene or sequence. Other methods such as zinc-finger protein is a transcription factor that binds with DNA and binds specific to that sequence, which uniquely recognise 3-base pairs of DNA. TALENs consists of two domains: TALE domain, a transcription activator and FokI that is a restriction endonuclease that cuts the DNA at specific sites. CRISPR-Cas systems are clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats present in various bacterial species. These sequences activate RNA-guided DNA cleavage, aiding in the development of an adaptive immune defence against foreign DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is widely used for genome editing, regulation, diagnostic and many.
基因组编辑涉及使用分子剪刀改变生物体(包括细菌、植物和动物)的 DNA,有助于治疗和诊断各种疾病。基因组编辑技术正呈指数级增长,其开发目的是实现基因组的精确改变以及基因的添加、移除和校正。这些修改始于核酸酶产生的双链断裂(DSB),并可通过同源定向修复(HDR)或非同源末端连接(NHEJ)进行连接。非同源末端连接(NHEJ)速度快,但由于断裂处核苷酸的缺失和插入,会增加突变的几率;而 HDR 则使用同源模板进行精确修复,并针对基因或序列进行有针对性的 DNA 修复。其他方法如锌指蛋白是一种转录因子,能与 DNA 结合并与该序列特异性结合,它能唯一识别 DNA 的 3 个碱基对。TALENs 由两个结构域组成:TALENs 由两个结构域组成:TALE 结构域是一种转录激活剂,FokI 是一种限制性内切酶,可在特定位点切割 DNA。CRISPR-Cas 系统是存在于各种细菌物种中的簇状规则穿插短回文重复序列。这些序列可激活 RNA 引导的 DNA 切割,帮助形成对外来 DNA 的适应性免疫防御。CRISPR-Cas9 广泛应用于基因组编辑、调控、诊断和许多方面。
期刊介绍:
Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science (PMBTS) provides in-depth reviews on topics of exceptional scientific importance. If today you read an Article or Letter in Nature or a Research Article or Report in Science reporting findings of exceptional importance, you likely will find comprehensive coverage of that research area in a future PMBTS volume.