Sudden death due to enterotoxemia among Arabian camels (Camelus dromedaries) and associated risk factors.

IF 0.9 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Open Veterinary Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.23
Asmaa G Mubarak, Fatma A Khalifa, Yumna Elsobky, Ahmed Abdel-Rady, Wael Felefel, Adel Hassan Saad, Ehab Y Abdelhiee, Abdullah M Alhassan, Hisham Awny, Eman M Elghazaly, Ashraf M Abu-Seida, Abdulrahman Abdulkarim, Asmaa G Youseef
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Sudden death is defined as an unexpected death occurring with no observed antecedent clinical signs.

Aim: The current study was performed to notice the tangible causes of sudden death among 51 out of 340 she-camels on a private farm in the eastern region of El Khafgi, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was conducted to investigate the sudden death of camels through microscopic examination of fecal matter to identify the gastrointestinal parasites, analysis of whole blood thin films to diagnose blood parasites, blood culturing to recognize bacterial infection as Pasteurella multicida, and macroscopic postmortem examination to identify the gastrointestinal adult worm. The quantity and composition of feed were also analyzed. Afterward, a commercial multiscreen Ag-ELISA kit technique determined the toxins of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens).

Results: The results revealed that the incidence rate of sudden death was 15%. The sudden death occurred due to C. perfringens enterotoxins detected in the rumen, intestinal content, and intestinal wall. The enterotoxins and Alpha toxins were noticed, but the other toxin types, including Beta and Epsilon, could not be detected. All C. perfringens toxins were discovered to be negative in fecal matter. A significant association was reported between sudden death, she-camels age, and feeding habits as risk factors (p = 0.020 and 0.028, respectively). Risk factor assessment by relative risk (RR) revealed that the odds of RR of sudden death occurring among she-camels aged over two years were higher than those less than two years (2.24 CI 95%, 1.093-4.591). Furthermore, the odds RR of sudden death occurring due to exposure of she-camels to a concentrated ration of 18% were higher twice than those not exposed (2.346 CI 95%, 1.039-5.296).

Conclusion: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be listed as a cause of sudden death in camels and the alteration in diet with 18% concentration feed changes the intestinal environment, which leads to C. perfringens proliferating and yielding potent toxins. More observations and interferences like regular immunization are recommended to reduce the disease and increase the awareness of the farmers of the importance of risk factors.

阿拉伯骆驼(Camelus dromedaries)肠毒血症导致的猝死及相关风险因素。
背景:猝死的定义是在没有观察到先兆临床症状的情况下发生的意外死亡。目的:本研究旨在了解沙特阿拉伯哈夫吉东部地区一家私人农场 340 头母骆驼中 51 头骆驼猝死的具体原因:采用回顾性队列研究设计,通过粪便显微镜检查确定胃肠道寄生虫、全血薄片分析诊断血液寄生虫、血液培养确定细菌感染为多杀性巴氏杆菌,以及尸体宏观检查确定胃肠道成虫,对骆驼猝死进行调查。此外,还对饲料的数量和成分进行了分析。随后,采用商用多筛Ag-ELISA试剂盒技术测定了产气荚膜梭菌(C. perfringens)的毒素:结果显示,猝死发生率为 15%。猝死发生的原因是在瘤胃、肠内容物和肠壁中检测到了产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素。发现了肠毒素和α毒素,但未检测到其他毒素类型,包括β和ε毒素。在粪便中发现的所有产气荚膜杆菌毒素均为阴性。据报告,猝死、母驼年龄和饲养习惯作为风险因素之间存在明显关联(p = 0.020 和 0.028)。通过相对风险(RR)对风险因素进行评估后发现,两岁以上母羚羊发生猝死的几率比两岁以下母羚羊高(2.24 CI 95%,1.093-4.591)。此外,雌驼鸟因接触 18% 的浓缩配给而发生猝死的几率比率是未接触者的两倍(2.346 CI 95%,1.039-5.296):应将产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症列为骆驼猝死的原因之一,18% 浓度饲料改变了日粮,改变了肠道环境,导致产气荚膜梭菌增殖并产生强效毒素。建议进行更多的观察和干预,如定期免疫接种,以减少疾病的发生,并提高农民对风险因素重要性的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Open Veterinary Journal
Open Veterinary Journal VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
112
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Open Veterinary Journal is a peer-reviewed international open access online and printed journal that publishes high-quality original research articles. reviews, short communications and case reports dedicated to all aspects of veterinary sciences and its related subjects. Research areas include the following: Infectious diseases of zoonotic/food-borne importance, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, epidemiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, oncology and animal reproduction. All papers are peer-reviewed. Moreover, with the presence of well-qualified group of international referees, the process of publication will be done meticulously and to the highest standards.
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