COVID-19's Impact on Athletes: Reduced Cardiorespiratory fitness after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003560

Erik Hasler, Manuel Widmann, Bernhard Haller, Roman Gaidai, Andreas Venhorst, Tim Meyer, Claus Reinsberger, Andreas M Nieß, Kai Roecker

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify potential changes in cardiorespiratory fitness among athletes who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: In this prospective observational multicenter hybrid study (CoSmo-S), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmills or bicycle ergometers involving 2314 athletes (39.6% female) was conducted. German federal squad members (59.6%) and non-squad athletes were included in the study. 1170 (37.2% female) subjects were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR from which we had pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection examinations available for 289 subjects. Mixed effect models were employed to analyze amongst others the following dependent variables: Power output at individual anaerobic threshold (POIAT/kg), maximal power output (POmax/kg), measured V̇O2max/kg, heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold (HRIAT) and maximal heart rate (HRmax).

Results: A SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a decrease in POIAT/kg (-0.123 W/kg, p < 0.001), POmax/kg (-0.099 W/kg, p = 0.002), measured V̇O2max/kg (-1.70 ml/min/kg, p = 0.050) and an increase HRIAT (2.50 b/min, p = 0.008), HRmax (2.59 b/min, p < 0.001) within the first 60 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using the pandemic onset in Germany as longitudinal reference point, the healthy control group showed no change over time in these variables respectively an increase in POmax (+0.126 W/kg, p = 0.039) during the first 60 days after the reference point. Subgroup analyses showed that both squad members and endurance athletes experienced greater decreases in cardiorespiratory fitness compared to non-squad members respectively athletes from explosive power sports.

Conclusions: A SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in athletes for approximately 60 days. Potential factors contributing to this outcome seem to be cardio-pulmonary and vascular alterations in consequence of SARS-CoV-2. A minor effect on cardiorespiratory fitness has training interruption due to acute symptoms and/or quarantine.

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COVID-19 对运动员的影响：感染 SARS-CoV-2 后心肺功能下降

研究目的本研究旨在确定曾感染过 SARS-CoV-2 的运动员心肺功能的潜在变化：在这项前瞻性多中心混合观察研究（CoSmo-S）中，对 2314 名运动员（39.6% 为女性）进行了跑步机或自行车测力计心肺运动测试。研究对象包括德国联邦代表队成员（59.6%）和非代表队运动员。经 PCR 检测，1170 名受试者（37.2% 为女性）对 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性反应，其中 289 名受试者在感染 SARS-CoV-2 前接受了检查。混合效应模型主要用于分析以下因变量：无氧阈值时的功率输出（POIAT/kg）、最大功率输出（POmax/kg）、测得的 V̇O2max/kg、无氧阈值时的心率（HRIAT）和最大心率（HRmax）：结果：SARS-CoV-2感染后的60天内，POIAT/kg（-0.123 W/kg，p < 0.001）、POmax/kg（-0.099 W/kg，p = 0.002）、实测V̇O2max/kg（-1.70 ml/min/kg，p = 0.050）下降，HRIAT（2.50 b/min，p = 0.008）、HRmax（2.59 b/min，p < 0.001）上升。以德国大流行开始时为纵向参照点，健康对照组在参照点后的头 60 天内，这些变量没有随着时间的推移而发生变化，但 POmax 有所提高（+0.126 W/kg，p = 0.039）。分组分析表明，与非队员和爆发力运动运动员相比，队员和耐力运动员的心肺功能下降幅度更大：结论：SARS-CoV-2 感染与运动员心肺功能下降有关，持续时间约为 60 天。导致这一结果的潜在因素似乎是 SARS-CoV-2 导致的心肺和血管变化。因急性症状和/或隔离而中断训练对心肺功能的影响较小。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 医学-运动科学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

4.90%

发文量

2568

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.