A novel method for equine embryo transfer from contaminated recipient mares into second healthy recipients for surviving embryos

Abstract

Embryo transfer (ET) is regarded as one of the reproductive methods for genetic improvement initiatives in the horse business. The current study aimed to increase the success rate of ET by re-flushing and re-transferring of embryos from contaminated recipient mares into second healthy recipients. The study involved 25 recipient mares that demonstrated embryonic vesicles inside intraluminal fluid (ILF) on ultrasound scanning 2 ± 0.5 days after ET. Seven recipient mares were left without re-flushing and re-transferring of embryos (control group) and 18 recipient mares (treated group) were subjected to re-flushing and re-transferring of the embryos to second healthy and prepared recipients. The retrieved fluid from treated mares was subjected to microbiological and cytological examinations. The results revealed mixed and single infections, as well as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The total bacterial count and cytology findings revealed that all first recipient mares had endometritis. All control mares showed embryonic death at 14 ± 1.1 days (13–15 days) of embryonic age. In treated group, microscopic evaluation of retrieved embryos revealed a well-developed thick capsule in 12/18 (66.7 %) of them and a normal capsule in 6/18 (33.3 %). The pregnancy rate in well-developed capsule embryos was greater (66.7 %) than in typical capsule embryos (33.3 %). This study illustrates the value of swabbing the uterus of the recipient mares during estrus prior to ET and their checking at 2 days after ET. In addition to boosting pregnancy rates in ET commercial programs, our novel method can protect the embryos from the harmful effects of the inflammatory process and help them survive.