Congenital melanocytic nevi and risk of melanoma.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Larissa M Pastore, Rodolfo Valentini, Ashfaq A Marghoob
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Abstract

The presence of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) is determined in utero. The location, size, and number of CMN may be of cosmetic concern with significant psychosocial implications. They may also be associated with symptoms such as pruritus, eczema/xerosis, and skin fragilit; however, the most medically concerning issue is the association of CMN with the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, extracutaneous melanoma, and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM). Patients with CMN are currently risk-stratified based on the projected adult maximum diameter of the largest CMN and the number of CMN (satellites) present. In small and medium CMN the absolute risk of developing cutaneous melanoma is estimated to be approximately 0.3% with a relative risk of 9.5. While patients with large CMN are at increased risk for developing primary cutaneous melanoma within the CMN, they are also at increased risk for developing primary melanoma within the central nervous system (CNS) in association with CNS melanocytic deposits, an entity known as NCM. The absolute risk for developing melanoma in patients with large CMN is estimated to be between 1.25-10% with a relative risk between 52-1046. Regarding the risk for the presence of NCM, the risk correlates with the number of CMN, with the lowest risk in those with a single CMN and with risk escalation as the number of CMN increase. We have provided an overview of the existing evidence about the risk of melanoma and NCM in patients with CMN. The role of the clinical examination, dermatoscopy, MRI scanning of the CNS, and the role of surgery in the management of CMN of varying sizes is discussed.

先天性黑素细胞痣与黑素瘤风险。
先天性黑素细胞痣(CMN)在胎儿时期就已确定。先天性黑素细胞痣的位置、大小和数量可能会影响美观,并对社会心理产生重大影响。它们还可能伴有瘙痒、湿疹/角化病和皮肤脆弱等症状;然而,在医学上最令人担忧的问题是,CMN 与患皮肤黑色素瘤、皮肤外黑色素瘤和神经皮肤黑色素细胞增多症(NCM)的风险有关。目前,CMN 患者的风险分级依据是最大 CMN 的预计成人最大直径和存在的 CMN(卫星)数量。据估计,中小型 CMN 患者罹患皮肤黑色素瘤的绝对风险约为 0.3%,相对风险为 9.5%。虽然大面积 CMN 患者在 CMN 内罹患原发性皮肤黑色素瘤的风险增加,但他们在中枢神经系统(CNS)内与中枢神经系统黑色素细胞沉积物(即 NCM)一起罹患原发性黑色素瘤的风险也会增加。据估计,大面积 CMN 患者罹患黑色素瘤的绝对风险为 1.25-10%,相对风险为 52-1046。关于存在 NCM 的风险,其风险与 CMN 的数量相关,单个 CMN 患者的风险最低,随着 CMN 数量的增加,风险也会上升。我们概述了有关 CMN 患者罹患黑色素瘤和 NCM 风险的现有证据。我们还讨论了临床检查、皮肤镜检查、中枢神经系统核磁共振成像扫描的作用,以及手术在治疗不同大小的 CMN 中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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