Siti Nornazihah Mohd Rosdi, Suzuanhafizan Omar, Mazira Mohamad Ghazali, Ab Rahman Izaini Ghani, Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Chiari malformation type 1 (CM 1) entails a structural defect in the cerebellum, involving the herniation of cerebellar tonsils toward the foramen magnum. The symptomatic or asymptomatic nature of CM 1 is contingent upon the condition of malformation in the spinal cord. This review presents an updated perspective on the prevalence of CM 1, its pathogenesis, genetic associations, and treatment. CM 1 exhibits a higher prevalence in adult females than males. Despite the incomplete understanding of the exact cause of CM 1, recent research suggests the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors in its development. One of the reasons for the occurrence of CM 1 in individuals is the smaller posterior cranial fossa, which manifests as typical morphological features. Additionally, environmental factors can potentially interact with genetic factors, modifying the observable characteristics of the disease and affecting the symptoms, severity, and development of the condition. Notably, headaches, neck pain, dizziness, and neurological deficits may be exhibited by individuals with CM 1, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as an alternative diagnostic technique for monitoring the symptoms of CM 1. Multiple genetic factors are likely to contribute to a cascade of abnormalities in CM 1. Early studies provided evidence, including clustering within families, bone development, and co-segregation with known genetic syndromes, establishing CM 1's association with a genetic basis. Furthermore, surgery is the only available treatment option to alleviate symptoms or hinder the progression of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in CM 1 cases.
奇拉氏畸形 1 型(CM 1)是一种小脑结构缺陷,涉及小脑扁桃体向枕骨大孔疝出。CM 1 的无症状或无症状取决于脊髓畸形的情况。本综述从最新角度介绍了 CM 1 的发病率、发病机制、遗传关联和治疗方法。CM 1 在成年女性中的发病率高于男性。尽管对 CM 1 的确切病因尚不完全清楚,但最近的研究表明,遗传和环境因素都参与了其发病过程。CM 1 发生的原因之一是个体的后颅窝较小,表现为典型的形态特征。此外,环境因素有可能与遗传因素相互作用,改变疾病的可观察特征,影响疾病的症状、严重程度和发展。值得注意的是,CM1 患者可能会表现出头痛、颈部疼痛、头晕和神经功能缺损,这凸显了早期诊断的重要性。磁共振成像(MRI)是监测 CM 1 症状的另一种诊断技术。 多种遗传因素可能导致 CM 1 的一系列异常。早期研究提供的证据包括家族聚集、骨骼发育以及与已知遗传综合征的共分离,从而确立了 CM 1 与遗传基础的关联。此外,在 CM 1 病例中,手术是缓解症状或阻止中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤进展的唯一可用治疗方案。
期刊介绍:
Asian Biomedicine: Research, Reviews and News (ISSN 1905-7415 print; 1875-855X online) is published in one volume (of 6 bimonthly issues) a year since 2007. [...]Asian Biomedicine is an international, general medical and biomedical journal that aims to publish original peer-reviewed contributions dealing with various topics in the biomedical and health sciences from basic experimental to clinical aspects. The work and authorship must be strongly affiliated with a country in Asia, or with specific importance and relevance to the Asian region. The Journal will publish reviews, original experimental studies, observational studies, technical and clinical (case) reports, practice guidelines, historical perspectives of Asian biomedicine, clinicopathological conferences, and commentaries
Asian biomedicine is intended for a broad and international audience, primarily those in the health professions including researchers, physician practitioners, basic medical scientists, dentists, educators, administrators, those in the assistive professions, such as nurses, and the many types of allied health professionals in research and health care delivery systems including those in training.