Barley based gluten free beer – A blessing or an uncontrollable risk?

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2024.115019

Elena Cubero-Leon , Charlotte B. Madsen , Katharina A. Scherf , Michelle L. Colgrave , Jørgen V. Nørgaard , Minna Anthoni , Katerina Rizou , Michael J. Walker , Ludvig M. Sollid

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Abstract

Recent reports have highlighted that beer labelled “gluten-free”, crafted with enzymatic treatments to remove gluten, may contain polypeptides that could be immunotoxic to individuals with coeliac disease. As strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only way to manage this condition, accurate labelling is crucial to those with coeliac disease. This paper aims to discuss the presence, levels and immunogenicity of gluten peptides found in gluten-reduced barley beers. While advances have been made in the detection and quantification of gluten peptides in beer, there are still challenges to the interpretation of gluten measurements as well as to assess whether peptides are immunotoxic in vivo. To make progress, future efforts should involve a combination of in vivo toxicity assessment of the degraded proteins, development of standardised gluten-free production strategies to minimise variability in gluten fragment presence, guidance on how to control the outcome as well as to develop appropriate reference materials and calibrators.

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以大麦为原料的无麸质啤酒--是福音还是无法控制的风险？

最近的一些报道强调，标有 "无麸质 "的啤酒在经过酶处理以去除麸质的过程中，可能含有对患有乳糜泻的人具有免疫毒性的多肽。由于严格遵守无麸质饮食是控制这种疾病的唯一方法，因此准确的标签对患有乳糜泻的人来说至关重要。本文旨在讨论谷蛋白还原大麦啤酒中谷蛋白肽的存在、含量和免疫原性。虽然在啤酒中麸质肽的检测和定量方面取得了进展，但在解释麸质测量结果以及评估肽在体内是否具有免疫毒性方面仍面临挑战。为了取得进展，今后的工作应包括对降解蛋白质进行体内毒性评估、制定标准化的无麸质生产策略以最大限度地减少麸质片段存在的变异性、指导如何控制结果以及开发适当的参考材料和校准物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.