Morphological and Microbial Diversity of Hydromagnesite Microbialites in Lake Salda: A Mars Analog Alkaline Lake

IF 2.7 2区 地球科学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Geobiology Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1111/gbi.12619
Yagmur Gunes, Fatih Sekerci, Burak Avcı, Thijs J. G. Ettema, Nurgul Balci
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lake Salda, a terrestrial analog for the paleolake in Jezero Crater on Mars, hosts active, subfossil, and fossil hydromagnesite microbialites, making it an ideal location to study microbialite formation and subsequent processes. Our understanding of this record is still limited by an incomplete knowledge of the macro- and mesoscale morphotypes of microbialites, along with their spatial distribution and correlation with microbial and geochemical processes that influence microbialite formation. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution, morphotypes, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbial diversity of the microbialites and identified six distinct zones (Zone I to Zone VI) with major microbialite build-ups in Lake Salda. Newly identified microbialites were classified based on the macro- and mesostructures. Our work shows that the lake contains stromatolites, thrombolites, stromatolitic thrombolites, dendrolites, and microbially induced sedimentary structures. At macroscale, Lake Salda microbialites exhibit hemispheres, stacked domes, and laterally linked columnar structures while minicolumns, knobs, mesoclots, laminae, and botryoidal structures are common at mesoscale. The macro- and mesoscale distribution of different microbialite types spatially correlates with microbial community composition and water depth. Deep-growing microbialites with a low abundance of Cyanobacteria (∼1%–4%) and high abundance of Firmicutes (28%–93%) exhibit steeply convex lamination, producing finger-like minicolumnar mesostructures. In contrast, shallow-growing microbialites with a low abundance of Firmicutes (0%–5%) and high abundance of Cyanobacteria (11%–37%) have well-preserved gently convex millimeter-scale lamination, resulting in cauliflower mesostructures. Palygorskite ((Mg, Al)2Si4O10(OH)) is identified in the diatom-rich microbial layer of the deep-growing microbialites. Regardless of the microbialite types, hydromagnesite and aragonite are present in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-rich zone of the shallow and deep-growing microbialites. Overall, environmental changes (e.g., water depth and, accommodation space) play a major role in the formation and spatial distribution of different microbialite morphologies at the macro- and mesoscale. Differences in the relative abundance of dominant microorganisms between mesostructured types suggest that mesomorphology may be influenced by changes in microbial diversity. Spatial variations in the microbialite morphotypes, along with the abundant presence of entombed biomass (e.g., mineralized filaments), may indicate areas that have a high potential for the preservation of biosignatures.

萨尔达湖中水镁石微生物岩的形态和微生物多样性:火星模拟碱性湖。
萨尔达湖是火星杰泽罗陨石坑古湖的陆地类似物,湖中有活性、亚化石和化石水镁石微生物岩,是研究微生物岩形成及其后续过程的理想地点。由于对微生物岩的宏观和中观形态、空间分布以及与影响微生物岩形成的微生物和地球化学过程的相关性了解不全面,我们对这一记录的理解仍然受到限制。在这项研究中,我们调查了微生物岩的空间分布、形态、矿物学、地球化学和微生物多样性,并确定了萨尔达湖微生物岩主要堆积的六个不同区域(I 区至 VI 区)。根据宏观和中观结构对新发现的微生物岩进行了分类。我们的工作表明,萨尔达湖含有叠层岩、血栓岩、叠层血栓岩、树枝状岩和微生物诱发的沉积结构。在宏观尺度上,萨尔达湖微生物岩表现出半球状、堆叠圆顶状和横向相连的柱状结构,而在中观尺度上则常见小柱状、旋钮状、中柱状、层状和植物状结构。不同微生物岩类型在宏观和中观尺度上的分布与微生物群落组成和水深在空间上相关。蓝藻含量低(∼1%-4%)、固着菌含量高(28%-93%)的深生长微生物岩呈现陡凸层理,产生指状小柱状中层结构。相比之下,生长较浅的微生物岩中,固着菌含量较低(0%-5%),而蓝藻含量较高(11%-37%),其毫米尺度的缓凸层理保存完好,形成菜花状的中柱结构。在深生长微生物岩中富含硅藻的微生物层中发现了白云石((镁、铝)2Si4O10(OH))。不管是哪种类型的微生物岩,在浅生和深生微生物岩的细胞外聚合物质(EPS)富集区都存在水镁石和文石。总体而言,环境变化(如水深和容纳空间)对宏观和中观尺度上不同微生物岩形态的形成和空间分布起着重要作用。中层结构类型之间主要微生物相对丰度的差异表明,中层形态可能受到微生物多样性变化的影响。微生物岩形态的空间变化,以及大量存在的埋藏生物质(如矿化丝),可能表明哪些区域具有保存生物特征的高潜力。
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来源期刊
Geobiology
Geobiology 生物-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
5.40%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The field of geobiology explores the relationship between life and the Earth''s physical and chemical environment. Geobiology, launched in 2003, aims to provide a natural home for geobiological research, allowing the cross-fertilization of critical ideas, and promoting cooperation and advancement in this emerging field. We also aim to provide you with a forum for the rapid publication of your results in an international journal of high standing. We are particularly interested in papers crossing disciplines and containing both geological and biological elements, emphasizing the co-evolutionary interactions between life and its physical environment over geological time. Geobiology invites submission of high-quality articles in the following areas: Origins and evolution of life Co-evolution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere The sedimentary rock record and geobiology of critical intervals Paleobiology and evolutionary ecology Biogeochemistry and global elemental cycles Microbe-mineral interactions Biomarkers Molecular ecology and phylogenetics.
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