The prognostic impact of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer: More than just N1c

Abstract

Background

The identification of tumor deposits (TD) currently plays a limited role in staging for colorectal cancer (CRC) aside from N1c lymph node designation. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic impact, beyond American Joint Committee on Cancer N1c designation, of TDs among patients with primary CRC.

Methods

Patients who had resected stage I–III primary CRC diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were identified from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) stratified by TD status and lymph node (N) status was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results

In total, 147,783 patients with primary CRC were identified. TDs were present in 15,444 patients (10.5%). The presence of TDs was significantly associated with adverse tumor characteristics, including advanced pathologic stage, nodal status, and metastasis status. The presence of TDs was associated with worse CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.02–3.22), as it was for each given N category (e.g., N2a and TD-negative [HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.37–2.64] vs. N2a and TD-positive [HR, 3.75; 95% CI, 3.49–4.03]). The presence of multiple TDs was also associated with decreased CSS for each given N category compared with a single TD (e.g. N2a with one TD [HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.65–3.61] vs. N2a with two or more TDs [HR, 4.32; 95% CI, 3.87–4.82]).

Conclusions

TDs were identified as an independent predictor of a worse outcome in patients with CRC. The presence of TDs confers distinctly different CSS and provides important prognostic information among patients with CRC and warrants further investigation as a unique variable in future iterations of CRC staging.