Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Cause Short-Term Changes in the Phenotype of Microglial and Astroglial Cells in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of Young Male Wistar Rats
Maria V. Zakharova, Anna A. Kovalenko, Olga E. Zubareva, Alexander P. Schwarz, Tatiana Y. Postnikova, Alina M. Trofimova, Aleksey V. Zaitsev
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Astrocytes and microglia can adopt two distinct phenotypes in various pathological processes: neurotoxic A1/M1 and neuroprotective A2/M2. Recent evidence suggests that these cells play a significant role in epileptogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotype of astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of young male Wistar rats at 3 h, 1, 3, and 7 days after pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. RT-qPCR was employed to examine the expression of glial genes (Gfap, Aif1, Slc1a1, Slc1a2, Slc1a3, Itpr2, Gdnf, Bdnf, Fgf2, Tgfb, Il1b, Tnf, Il1rn, Lcn2, S100a10, Nlrp3, Arg1). The most notable alterations in the expression of glial genes were observed on the first day following seizures in the temporal cortex. An increase in the expression of the Gfap, Slc1a2, Slc1a1, Il1b, Tnfa, Bdnf, and Fgf2 genes, and the A2 astrocyte condition marker S100a10, was observed. An increase in the expression of the Gfap and Slc1a2 genes was observed in the hippocampus on the first day after seizures. However, in contrast to the changes observed in the cortex, the changes in the hippocampus were opposite for the Il1rn, Bdnf, Tgfb, and Arg1 genes. Nevertheless, the alterations in GFAP and EAAT2 protein levels were not corroborated by Western blot analysis. Conversely, a more comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis confirmed an augmentation in the number of GFAP-positive cells in the hippocampus 1 day after seizures. Based on the presented evidence, we can conclude that a single convulsive seizure episode in 3-week-old rats results in transient astroglial activation and polarization to a neuroprotective phenotype (A2).
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Neuroscience Research (JNR) publishes novel research results that will advance our understanding of the development, function and pathophysiology of the nervous system, using molecular, cellular, systems, and translational approaches. JNR covers both basic research and clinical aspects of neurology, neuropathology, psychiatry or psychology.
The journal focuses on uncovering the intricacies of brain structure and function. Research published in JNR covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of the nervous system, with emphasis on how disease modifies the function and organization.