N Stress Alleviation in Crops—A System Approach Analysing Residual N From Winter Crops in a Late-Maize-Wheat Sequence

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
M. M. Biassoni, M. B. Agosti, E. Kehoe, J. M. Enrico, F. H. Gutiérrez Boem, F. Salvagiotti
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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is crucial for crop production. Crop sequences with different legume participation affect N availability and therefore N fertiliser management. The study aimed to assess the inclusion of winter crops (WC) with different amounts of residues and different C:N ratios on the following: (i) the response to N fertilisation in the following late-maize (Zea mays L.), and to carry that comparison into a subsequent wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.), and (ii) identify soil N indicators associated with these responses. Two field experiments (E1 and E2) were conducted in the Argentinean Pampas during two growing seasons to evaluate a WC/late-maize-wheat sequence under no-tillage. In each experiment, late-maize was sown after a bare-fallow and three WC: wheat, vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.), where five rates of N fertilisation were evaluated. An area of late-maize that was not fertilised with N within each previous WC was used to evaluate the response to N fertilisation in the subsequent wheat crop. Indigenous N was estimated by using N uptake in the non-N-fertilised treatments. Soil N indicators and C:N ratio of WC residues were evaluated as indicators of response to N fertilisation in both crops. Significant responses to N fertilisation in grain yield and N uptake were observed in late-maize when bare-fallow and wheat were the previous treatments in both experiments. In contrast, vetch and field pea supplied 32 and 40 kg N ha−1 in E1 and E2, respectively, and showed no response to N fertilisation, satisfying the N required by late-maize. However, this supply was not enough to sustain the N demand of the subsequent wheat, where the response to N addition ranged from 36% to 74% when vetch and wheat were the previous WC, respectively. Only soil inorganic N indicators were associated with indigenous N supply. Moreover, the apparent net WC effect was linked to late-maize (r2 = 0.91) and subsequent wheat (r2 = 0.67) grain yield response, which was also related to the C:N ratio of the WC residues in late-maize and the subsequent wheat (r2 = 0.78), suggesting that mineralisation occurs when C:N ratio is below 18. Consequently, in future studies the C:N ratio of the WC residues can be included in N fertilisation recommendation schemes when late-maize is sown as a double crop in more intensified crop sequences.

Abstract Image

作物氮胁迫缓解--分析晚玉米-小麦序列中冬季作物残留氮的系统方法
氮(N)对作物生产至关重要。不同豆科植物参与的作物序列会影响氮的可用性,从而影响氮肥管理。这项研究旨在评估冬季作物(WC)不同的残留量和不同的碳氮比对以下方面的影响:(i) 后期玉米(Zea mays L.)对氮肥的反应,并将这种比较带入后续小麦作物(Triticum aestivum L.),以及 (ii) 确定与这些反应相关的土壤氮指标。在阿根廷潘帕斯草原的两个生长季节进行了两次田间试验(E1 和 E2),以评估免耕条件下的水稻/晚玉米-小麦种植顺序。在每个实验中,晚熟玉米都播种在裸耕地和三种 WC(小麦、薇菜(Vicia villosa L. )和大田豌豆(Pisum sativum L. ))之后,并对五种氮肥施用量进行了评估。在前一个 WC 中没有施氮肥的晚熟玉米区域被用来评估后续小麦作物对氮肥的反应。利用未施氮肥处理中的氮吸收量估算本地氮。土壤氮指标和 WC 残留物的 C:N 比率被用作评估两种作物对氮肥反应的指标。在两项试验中,当裸露耕地和小麦是前两种处理时,晚玉米的谷物产量和氮吸收量对氮肥有显著反应。相比之下,在 E1 和 E2 试验中,薇菜和大田豌豆分别提供了每公顷 32 千克和 40 千克的氮,对氮肥没有反应,满足了晚熟玉米对氮的需求。然而,这种供应量不足以维持后续小麦对氮的需求,当谷子草和小麦是前一个 WC 时,小麦对氮添加的反应分别从 36% 到 74% 不等。只有土壤无机氮指标与本地氮供应有关。此外,明显的净 WC 效应与晚熟玉米(r2 = 0.91)和后续小麦(r2 = 0.67)的谷物产量反应有关,这也与晚熟玉米和后续小麦中 WC 残留物的 C:N 比率(r2 = 0.78)有关,表明当 C:N 比率低于 18 时会发生矿化。因此,在未来的研究中,当晚熟玉米作为双季作物播种在更密集的作物序列中时,可将 WC 残留物的 C:N 比值纳入氮肥推荐方案中。
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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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