{"title":"Taking the wheel: Systematic review of reviews of policies driving BEV adoption","authors":"V. Anilan , Akshay Vij","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2024.104424","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is motivated by the need to understand what the most appropriate policies are to promote battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in various countries around the world. A systematic review of reviews on policies promoting BEVs was conducted to synthesise knowledge on the relative effectiveness of various policies. This study addresses three limitations in existing research on policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs). Firstly, it disentangles findings for BEVs from that of other EVs. Secondly, it examines the relative effectiveness of these policies to find optimal policy mixes. Finally, it compares policy effectiveness across nations at various stages of economic development and EV adoption. Purchase subsidies and tax incentives were found to be highly effective policies to kickstart EV adoption but may not be as effective at later stages of the EV adoption and may not be an affordable policy for all countries. Some countries that led the way with such subsidies and tax incentives have now begun curtailing or ceasing them, and contrary to earlier reviews, without serious adverse effect on adoption rates. Policies supporting public charging infrastructure are crucial enablers that complement EV purchase subsidies but are important even without purchase subsidies in place. High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane access and toll waivers are the next most effective demand side policies, but only in cities where such incentives make sense and cents for consumers. Supply side policies, such as zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates and vehicle emissions standards, must match or precede demand side policies to avoid bottlenecks and effectively drive uptake of BEVs in the earliest stage of adoption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23277,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136192092400381X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study is motivated by the need to understand what the most appropriate policies are to promote battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in various countries around the world. A systematic review of reviews on policies promoting BEVs was conducted to synthesise knowledge on the relative effectiveness of various policies. This study addresses three limitations in existing research on policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs). Firstly, it disentangles findings for BEVs from that of other EVs. Secondly, it examines the relative effectiveness of these policies to find optimal policy mixes. Finally, it compares policy effectiveness across nations at various stages of economic development and EV adoption. Purchase subsidies and tax incentives were found to be highly effective policies to kickstart EV adoption but may not be as effective at later stages of the EV adoption and may not be an affordable policy for all countries. Some countries that led the way with such subsidies and tax incentives have now begun curtailing or ceasing them, and contrary to earlier reviews, without serious adverse effect on adoption rates. Policies supporting public charging infrastructure are crucial enablers that complement EV purchase subsidies but are important even without purchase subsidies in place. High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane access and toll waivers are the next most effective demand side policies, but only in cities where such incentives make sense and cents for consumers. Supply side policies, such as zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates and vehicle emissions standards, must match or precede demand side policies to avoid bottlenecks and effectively drive uptake of BEVs in the earliest stage of adoption.
期刊介绍:
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment focuses on original research exploring the environmental impacts of transportation, policy responses to these impacts, and their implications for transportation system design, planning, and management. The journal comprehensively covers the interaction between transportation and the environment, ranging from local effects on specific geographical areas to global implications such as natural resource depletion and atmospheric pollution.
We welcome research papers across all transportation modes, including maritime, air, and land transportation, assessing their environmental impacts broadly. Papers addressing both mobile aspects and transportation infrastructure are considered. The journal prioritizes empirical findings and policy responses of regulatory, planning, technical, or fiscal nature. Articles are policy-driven, accessible, and applicable to readers from diverse disciplines, emphasizing relevance and practicality. We encourage interdisciplinary submissions and welcome contributions from economically developing and advanced countries alike, reflecting our international orientation.