{"title":"Deceitful autocratization: Subverting democracy through electoral reform in Mexico","authors":"Alejandro Monsiváis-Carrillo","doi":"10.1111/lamp.12353","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antipluralist incumbents often resort to opaque and deceptive strategies to subvert democracy. One such strategy involves devising formal institutions that pretend to promote and deepen democracy while enforcing authoritarian rule instead. This study labels such a strategy as “deceitful autocratization” and argues that a case that illustrates how antipluralist presidents promote it is the electoral reform launched by Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico. The analysis shows that López Obrador is a populist leader who also features prominent illiberal and antipluralist attributes. The article examines the political process that led to the legal modifications he introduced, which aimed at an overhaul of the country's system of electoral governance, one of the crucial foundations of Mexican democracy. The reform was supposed to democratize the regime, eliminate electoral fraud, and reduce the cost of elections. In fact, it represented a step forward in establishing competitive authoritarianism.</p><p>反多元主义的在位者经常诉诸不透明和欺骗性的策略来颠覆民主。其中一种策略是设计一系列假装促进和深化民主但实际上却执行独裁统治的正式制度。本研究将这种策略称为“欺骗性的专制化”,并论证认为,一个案例能说明反多元主义总统如何推广这种策略,即安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔在墨西哥发起的选举改革。分析表明,洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔是一位民粹主义领导人,同时也具有明显的反自由主义和反多元主义特征。本文分析了导致他引入的法律修改的政治进程,这些修改旨在彻底改革该国的选举治理系统,而选举治理系统是墨西哥民主的重要基础之一。这项改革旨在使政权民主化、消除选举舞弊、并降低选举成本。事实上,它代表着更进一步地建立竞争性威权主义。</p><p>Los gobernantes antipluralistas suelen recurrir a estrategias opacas y engañosas para subvertir la democracia. Una de ellas consiste en crear instituciones formales que pretenden reforzar el carácter democrático del régimen, pero que en realidad promueven el debilitamiento de esa democracia. Este estudio denomina a dicha estrategia como “autocratización engañosa” y argumenta que la reforma electoral promovida por Andrés Manuel López Obrador en México es un caso que ilustra cómo los presidentes antipluralistas utilizan tal estrategia. El análisis muestra que López Obrador es un líder populista que también se caracteriza por un estilo de liderazgo antiliberal y antipluralista. El artículo examina el proceso político que condujo a las modificaciones legales que promovió el gobierno de López Obrador, cuyo objetivo era reformar a fondo el sistema electoral del país, uno de los fundamentos cruciales de la democracia mexicana. Se suponía que esa reforma democratizaría el régimen, eliminaría los “fraudes electorales” y reduciría el costo de las elecciones. En la práctica, el resultado contribuyó a establecer un autoritarismo competitivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"15 3","pages":"486-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Latin American Policy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lamp.12353","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"POLITICAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Antipluralist incumbents often resort to opaque and deceptive strategies to subvert democracy. One such strategy involves devising formal institutions that pretend to promote and deepen democracy while enforcing authoritarian rule instead. This study labels such a strategy as “deceitful autocratization” and argues that a case that illustrates how antipluralist presidents promote it is the electoral reform launched by Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico. The analysis shows that López Obrador is a populist leader who also features prominent illiberal and antipluralist attributes. The article examines the political process that led to the legal modifications he introduced, which aimed at an overhaul of the country's system of electoral governance, one of the crucial foundations of Mexican democracy. The reform was supposed to democratize the regime, eliminate electoral fraud, and reduce the cost of elections. In fact, it represented a step forward in establishing competitive authoritarianism.
Los gobernantes antipluralistas suelen recurrir a estrategias opacas y engañosas para subvertir la democracia. Una de ellas consiste en crear instituciones formales que pretenden reforzar el carácter democrático del régimen, pero que en realidad promueven el debilitamiento de esa democracia. Este estudio denomina a dicha estrategia como “autocratización engañosa” y argumenta que la reforma electoral promovida por Andrés Manuel López Obrador en México es un caso que ilustra cómo los presidentes antipluralistas utilizan tal estrategia. El análisis muestra que López Obrador es un líder populista que también se caracteriza por un estilo de liderazgo antiliberal y antipluralista. El artículo examina el proceso político que condujo a las modificaciones legales que promovió el gobierno de López Obrador, cuyo objetivo era reformar a fondo el sistema electoral del país, uno de los fundamentos cruciales de la democracia mexicana. Se suponía que esa reforma democratizaría el régimen, eliminaría los “fraudes electorales” y reduciría el costo de las elecciones. En la práctica, el resultado contribuyó a establecer un autoritarismo competitivo.
期刊介绍:
Latin American Policy (LAP): A Journal of Politics and Governance in a Changing Region, a collaboration of the Policy Studies Organization and the Escuela de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Santa Fe Campus, published its first issue in mid-2010. LAP’s primary focus is intended to be in the policy arena, and will focus on any issue or field involving authority and polities (although not necessarily clustered on governments), agency (either governmental or from the civil society, or both), and the pursuit/achievement of specific (or anticipated) outcomes. We invite authors to focus on any crosscutting issue situated in the interface between the policy and political domain concerning or affecting any Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) country or group of countries. This journal will remain open to multidisciplinary approaches dealing with policy issues and the political contexts in which they take place.