{"title":"Crosslinking reactions of a model aminated lignin compound as a platform for building thermosetting polymers for lignin-based bio adhesives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131500","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As millions of tons of kraft lignin are being wasted, a potential application is to use its crosslinking reactions to build thermosetting bio adhesives. However, the crosslinking reactions between lignin molecules are not fully understood. The present study aims to elucidate the crosslinking reactions of the model lignin compound guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) via one-step hydroxymethylation/ amination with formaldehyde and diethylenetriamine (DETAM), or one-step glyoxylation/ amination with glyoxal and DETAM via liquid NMR techniques such as <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, 2D <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>15</sup>N HSQC NMR. Specifically, the 2D <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C HSQC NMR spectra confirm the presence of –CH<sub>2</sub>–NH– with a chemical shift of <sup>1</sup>H 2.6–3.6/<sup>13</sup>C 40–60 ppm, and the formation of methylene linkages via the crosslinking reaction. Also, the 2D <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>15</sup>N HSQC NMR spectra clearly detect the formation of amide and imine bonds at <sup>1</sup>H 7.8/<sup>15</sup>N 110 and <sup>1</sup>H 8.07/<sup>15</sup>N 121.5 ppm from the crosslinked GGE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bioresource Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852424012045","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
As millions of tons of kraft lignin are being wasted, a potential application is to use its crosslinking reactions to build thermosetting bio adhesives. However, the crosslinking reactions between lignin molecules are not fully understood. The present study aims to elucidate the crosslinking reactions of the model lignin compound guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) via one-step hydroxymethylation/ amination with formaldehyde and diethylenetriamine (DETAM), or one-step glyoxylation/ amination with glyoxal and DETAM via liquid NMR techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D 1H–13C, and 1H–15N HSQC NMR. Specifically, the 2D 1H–13C HSQC NMR spectra confirm the presence of –CH2–NH– with a chemical shift of 1H 2.6–3.6/13C 40–60 ppm, and the formation of methylene linkages via the crosslinking reaction. Also, the 2D 1H–15N HSQC NMR spectra clearly detect the formation of amide and imine bonds at 1H 7.8/15N 110 and 1H 8.07/15N 121.5 ppm from the crosslinked GGE.
期刊介绍:
Bioresource Technology publishes original articles, review articles, case studies, and short communications covering the fundamentals, applications, and management of bioresource technology. The journal seeks to advance and disseminate knowledge across various areas related to biomass, biological waste treatment, bioenergy, biotransformations, bioresource systems analysis, and associated conversion or production technologies.
Topics include:
• Biofuels: liquid and gaseous biofuels production, modeling and economics
• Bioprocesses and bioproducts: biocatalysis and fermentations
• Biomass and feedstocks utilization: bioconversion of agro-industrial residues
• Environmental protection: biological waste treatment
• Thermochemical conversion of biomass: combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, catalysis.