{"title":"Parenting in Overdrive: A Meta-analysis of Helicopter Parenting Across Multiple Indices of Emerging Adult Functioning","authors":"Shelly S. McCoy, Laura M. Dimler, Luiza Rodrigues","doi":"10.1007/s10804-024-09496-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous research suggests helicopter parenting may be disproportionately associated with lower levels of adjustment during emerging adulthood. However, the size, direction, and significance of the effects of helicopter parenting across different indicators of emerging adult functioning has not been empirically established. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analytic investigation was to clarify the magnitude of the effect of helicopter parenting across multiple indices of well-being, including: internalizing behaviors (anxiety and depressive symptoms), academic adjustment, self-efficacy and regulatory skills. We also explored whether parent gender moderates these associations. An analysis of 53 studies and 111 effect sizes revealed that helicopter parenting was associated with increased internalizing behaviors and reduced academic adjustment, self-efficacy and regulatory skills. Parent gender did not moderate these associations. The findings are discussed in terms of future directions, particularly the need to identify potential moderators. In conclusion, these findings support recommendations for autonomy-supportive parenting practices during emerging adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":51546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adult Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Adult Development","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-024-09496-5","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Previous research suggests helicopter parenting may be disproportionately associated with lower levels of adjustment during emerging adulthood. However, the size, direction, and significance of the effects of helicopter parenting across different indicators of emerging adult functioning has not been empirically established. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analytic investigation was to clarify the magnitude of the effect of helicopter parenting across multiple indices of well-being, including: internalizing behaviors (anxiety and depressive symptoms), academic adjustment, self-efficacy and regulatory skills. We also explored whether parent gender moderates these associations. An analysis of 53 studies and 111 effect sizes revealed that helicopter parenting was associated with increased internalizing behaviors and reduced academic adjustment, self-efficacy and regulatory skills. Parent gender did not moderate these associations. The findings are discussed in terms of future directions, particularly the need to identify potential moderators. In conclusion, these findings support recommendations for autonomy-supportive parenting practices during emerging adulthood.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Adult Development is an interdisciplinary journal covering development in early adulthood, midlife, and later adulthood. The Journal supports innovative theoretical and empirical articles that help direct the future of our field. Critical issues include the importance of life-long education, work and family changes, and physical and mental health influencing adult development. In addition, the impact of personality, emotions, cognition, and biomarkers are areas of interest. The Journal of Adult Development emphasizes the importance of interindividual differences and contextual issues influencing adult development. Interventions that promote optimal development throughout the adult life span are also welcome.