A novel simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content in dental ceramics

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Microscopy Research and Technique Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1002/jemt.24700

Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T-Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm³), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter-operator agreement was observed (ICC/p = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (p < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (p < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.

Research Highlights

The described method, using ImageJ open-source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter-operator agreement.
The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T-lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.
The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.

Abstract Image

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评估牙科陶瓷晶体长度和结晶含量的新型简化方法

本研究旨在介绍一种新颖而简单的方法，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）获得的图像，通过 ImageJ（NIH）处理软件进行分析，评估二硅酸锂牙科陶瓷的晶体长度和结晶含量。三位具有不同经验水平的评估员对四种商用二硅酸锂强化玻璃陶瓷材料的平均晶体长度和晶体含量百分比进行了评估：IPS e.max（Ivoclar Vivadent）、Rosetta SM（Hass）、T-Lithium（Talmax）和 IRIS CAD（天津）。试样由部分结晶的 CAD/CAM 块（3.0 mm3）制备而成，在进行 SEM 分析之前，试样已完全结晶并用 5% 的氢氟酸处理 20 秒。获取 SEM 图像后，使用 ImageJ 软件评估不同陶瓷表面的平均晶体长度和晶体含量。观察到操作员之间的一致性（ICC/p = 0.724），表明不同操作员对所有测试陶瓷材料的评估结果相似（p < 0.001）。在比较晶体长度和晶体含量时，IRIS CAD 与其他材料相比有显著差异（p <0.001），根据晶体的平均长度和单位面积上晶体的百分比，IRIS CAD 的晶体基质密度较低。该软件的使用有助于利用 SEM 图像评估牙科陶瓷中的结晶含量和平均晶体长度，而且不同操作者之间的差异非常小。研究亮点所描述的方法使用 ImageJ 开放源码软件，可精确、可靠地测量二硅酸锂陶瓷中的晶体长度和结晶含量，而且操作者之间的一致性很高。与 Rosetta SM CAD 和 T-lithium CAD 陶瓷相比，所提出的方法确定了 IPS e.max CAD 中更高的晶体含量，而 IRIS CAD 的晶体含量明显更低，平均晶体长度更大。本研究中提出的评估晶体长度和晶体含量的新颖简化方法也可用于评估其他牙科陶瓷。

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来源期刊

Microscopy Research and Technique 医学-解剖学与形态学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

233

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.