Understanding variations in LGBTIQ+ acceptance across space and time: The importance of norm perceptions and political dynamics

IF 4 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Michael M. Sweigart, Danna Galván-Hernández, Tabea Hässler, Peter Hegarty, Mary E. Kite, Eugene K. Ofosu, Banu C. Ünsal, Léïla Eisner
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Abstract

The 21st century has seen dynamic social, legal, and political change regarding the rights and acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer/questioning (LGBTIQ+) people. This article argues that social norm perceptions—perceptions of other people's opinions in a given social context—and the political dynamics that shape those perceptions are important for understanding differences in LGBTIQ+ acceptance across sociopolitical environments and time periods. Instead of emphasizing “actual” normspeople's opinions on average in different groupswe focus on norm perceptions since people often conform to the attitudes and behaviors held and endorsed by others to achieve social belonging and accuracy in their judgments. We review evidence regarding structural (e.g., laws and institutional decisions), group (e.g., social identities), and individual (e.g., ideology) factors that influence perceptions of, and conformity to, norms of LGBTIQ+ inclusion or exclusion. Drawing on this review, we consider how political dynamicsthe ways that civic and political actors make salient, promote, and frame issues, values, and norms in contesting or maintaining the status quoinfluence interpretations of, and responses to, norm signals, thus shaping differences in LGBTIQ+ rights norms across contexts and time periods. In conclusion, we chart future areas for research, policy, and practice.

了解不同时空对 LGBTIQ+ 接受程度的差异:规范认知和政治动态的重要性
21 世纪以来,社会、法律和政治在女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人、双性人和同性恋/质疑者(LGBTIQ+)的权利和接受度方面发生了动态变化。本文认为,社会规范认知--在特定社会背景下对他人观点的认知--以及形成这些认知的政治动态,对于理解不同社会政治环境和不同时期对 LGBTIQ+ 接受程度的差异非常重要。我们不强调 "实际 "规范--不同群体中人们的平均观点--而是关注规范认知,因为人们通常会遵从他人所持有和认可的态度和行为,以获得社会归属感和判断的准确性。我们回顾了影响对 LGBTIQ+ 包容或排斥规范的认知和遵从的结构性(如法律和机构决策)、群体性(如社会身份)和个体性(如意识形态)因素的相关证据。在此综述的基础上,我们考虑了政治动态--公民和政治行动者在争夺或维持现状的过程中突出、促进和框定问题、价值观和规范的方式--如何影响对规范信号的解释和反应,从而形成不同背景和不同时期 LGBTIQ+ 权利规范的差异。最后,我们规划了未来的研究、政策和实践领域。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
7.70%
发文量
73
期刊介绍: Published for The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI), the Journal of Social Issues (JSI) brings behavioral and social science theory, empirical evidence, and practice to bear on human and social problems. Each issue of the journal focuses on a single topic - recent issues, for example, have addressed poverty, housing and health; privacy as a social and psychological concern; youth and violence; and the impact of social class on education.
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