Kenneth Ladd Seldeen, Ayesha Saqebur Rahman, Yonas Redae, Nikhil Satchidanand, M. Jeffery Mador, Changxing Ma, Mihir Soparkar, Alexis Rose Lima, Ifeoma N. Ezeilo, Bruce Robert Troen
{"title":"VO2MAX, 6-minute walk, and muscle strength each correlate with frailty in US veterans","authors":"Kenneth Ladd Seldeen, Ayesha Saqebur Rahman, Yonas Redae, Nikhil Satchidanand, M. Jeffery Mador, Changxing Ma, Mihir Soparkar, Alexis Rose Lima, Ifeoma N. Ezeilo, Bruce Robert Troen","doi":"10.3389/fphys.2024.1393221","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionFrailty often manifests as an increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, and detecting frailty is useful for informed healthcare decisions. Veterans are at higher risk for developing frailty and at younger ages. The goal of this study was to investigate approaches in Veterans that can better inform the physiologic underpinnings of frailty, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 6-min walk, muscle strength, and inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsParticipants (N = 42) were recruited from the Buffalo VA Medical Center. Inclusion criteria: ages 60–85, male or female, any race, and not having significant comorbidities or cognitive impairment. Outcome measures included: the Fried frailty phenotype, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), quality of life (QOL) using the Q-LES-Q-SF, and the following physiologic assessments: VO2max assessment on an upright stationary bicycle, 6-min walk, and arm and leg strength. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using ELLA single and multiplex ELISA.ResultsParticipants: 70.3 ± 7.4 years of age: 34 males and 8 females, BMI = 30.7 ± 5.4 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, 26 white and 16 African American. A total of 18 (42.8%) were non-frail, 20 (47.6%) were pre-frail, and 4 (9.5%) were frail. VO2max negatively correlated with Fried frailty scores (r = −0.40, p = 0.03, N = 30), and positively correlated with SPPB scores (r = 0.50, p = 0.005), and QOL (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). The 6-min walk test also significantly correlated with VO2max (r = 0.57, p = 0.001, N = 42) and SPPB (r = 0.55, p = 0.0006), but did not quite reach a significant association with frailty (r = −0.28, p = 0.07). Arm strength negatively correlated with frailty (r = −0.47, p = 0.02, N = 26), but not other parameters. Inflammatory profiles did not differ between non-frail and pre-frail/frail participants.ConclusionObjectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with important functional outcomes including physical performance, QOL, and frailty in this group of older Veterans. Furthermore, the 6-min walk test correlated with VO2max and SPPB, but more validation is necessary to confirm sensitivity for frailty. Arm strength may also be an important indicator of frailty, however the relationship to other indicators of physical performance is unclear.","PeriodicalId":12477,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1393221","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
IntroductionFrailty often manifests as an increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, and detecting frailty is useful for informed healthcare decisions. Veterans are at higher risk for developing frailty and at younger ages. The goal of this study was to investigate approaches in Veterans that can better inform the physiologic underpinnings of frailty, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 6-min walk, muscle strength, and inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsParticipants (N = 42) were recruited from the Buffalo VA Medical Center. Inclusion criteria: ages 60–85, male or female, any race, and not having significant comorbidities or cognitive impairment. Outcome measures included: the Fried frailty phenotype, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), quality of life (QOL) using the Q-LES-Q-SF, and the following physiologic assessments: VO2max assessment on an upright stationary bicycle, 6-min walk, and arm and leg strength. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using ELLA single and multiplex ELISA.ResultsParticipants: 70.3 ± 7.4 years of age: 34 males and 8 females, BMI = 30.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 26 white and 16 African American. A total of 18 (42.8%) were non-frail, 20 (47.6%) were pre-frail, and 4 (9.5%) were frail. VO2max negatively correlated with Fried frailty scores (r = −0.40, p = 0.03, N = 30), and positively correlated with SPPB scores (r = 0.50, p = 0.005), and QOL (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). The 6-min walk test also significantly correlated with VO2max (r = 0.57, p = 0.001, N = 42) and SPPB (r = 0.55, p = 0.0006), but did not quite reach a significant association with frailty (r = −0.28, p = 0.07). Arm strength negatively correlated with frailty (r = −0.47, p = 0.02, N = 26), but not other parameters. Inflammatory profiles did not differ between non-frail and pre-frail/frail participants.ConclusionObjectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with important functional outcomes including physical performance, QOL, and frailty in this group of older Veterans. Furthermore, the 6-min walk test correlated with VO2max and SPPB, but more validation is necessary to confirm sensitivity for frailty. Arm strength may also be an important indicator of frailty, however the relationship to other indicators of physical performance is unclear.
期刊介绍:
Frontiers in Physiology is a leading journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research on the physiology of living systems, from the subcellular and molecular domains to the intact organism, and its interaction with the environment. Field Chief Editor George E. Billman at the Ohio State University Columbus is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.