Does Childhood Cochlear Implantation Spill Over to Carers' Employment Status?

Abstract

OBJECTIVES Carers of children with disabilities, especially primary carers, tend to have poorer labor market outcomes than carers of typically developing children. However, the extant literature has been largely silent on whether interventions for children's disabilities spill over to carers' employment outcomes, if at all. We aimed to fill this gap. DESIGN We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment study, which is a unique panel dataset of Australian children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH). The Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment dataset includes information about 449 DHH children. We used 3 waves covering the same children at ages 0 to 3, 5 to 7, and 8 to 10 years during 2005 and 2018. We used a panel random-effects model, the use of which was supported by the Hausman specification test to control for time-invariant individual heterogeneity. RESULTS We found that primary carers (typically mothers) of DHH children with cochlear implants (CI) were more likely to be employed relative to DHH children without a CI. The positive association was stronger among carers from a lower socioeconomic background. CONCLUSIONS The association between childhood CI and carer employment may potentially be due to relaxed primary carers' time constraints to care for the child, increased self-efficacy, and reduced carer stress, enabling them to engage in other activities, including employment. Further research through large-scale, longitudinal studies is warranted to solidify the findings of this research.