Methodologic Strategies for Quantifying Associations of Historical and Contemporary Mortgage Discrimination on Population Health Equity: A Systematic Review

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI:10.1007/s40615-024-02137-3

Janelle R. Edwards, Christian Ong, Sharrelle Barber, Irene Headen, Loni P. Tabb, Anneclaire J. De Roos, Leah H. Schinasi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Mortgage discrimination refers to the systematic withholding of home mortgages from minoritized groups. In recent years, there has been an increase in empirical research investigating associations of historical and contemporary mortgage discrimination on contemporary outcomes. Investigators have used a variety of measurement methods and approaches, which may have implications for results and interpretation.

Purpose

We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature that has quantified links between both historical and current mortgage discrimination with contemporary adverse environmental, social, and health outcomes. Our goals were to document the methodology used to measure and assign mortgage discrimination, to assess implications for results and interpretation, and to make recommendations for future work.

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, literature searches were conducted in September 2022 using terms that combined concepts of mortgage discrimination, health, and neighborhood environment.

Results

In total, 45 papers fit the eligibility criteria. In these, researchers investigated associations between mortgage discrimination and: (1) health outcomes (N = 28); (2) environmental and social exposures including heat, air pollution, greenspace, soil lead levels, and crime (N = 12); and (3) built environment features, including presence of retail alcohol, fast food, and tobacco stores (N = 5). Eleven included studies used Home Mortgage Discrimination Act (HMDA) data to identify racialized bias in mortgage discrimination or redlining, and 34 used Homeowner Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps. The construction and parametrization of mortgage discrimination or redlining and the spatial assignment of HOLC grades to contemporary addresses or neighborhoods varied substantially across studies.

Conclusions

Results from our review suggest the need for careful consideration of optimal methods to analyze mortgage discrimination such as HOLC spatial assignment or HMDA index parametrization, contemplation of covariates, and place-based knowledge of the study location.

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量化历史和当代抵押贷款歧视与人口健康公平相关性的方法策略：系统回顾

背景抵押贷款歧视是指系统性地拒绝向少数群体提供住房抵押贷款。近年来，越来越多的实证研究调查了历史和当代抵押贷款歧视与当代结果之间的关联。研究者使用了多种测量方法和手段，这可能会对结果和解释产生影响。目的我们对同行评议的文献进行了系统性综述，这些文献量化了历史和当代抵押贷款歧视与当代不良环境、社会和健康结果之间的联系。我们的目标是记录用于衡量和分配抵押贷款歧视的方法，评估对结果和解释的影响，并对未来工作提出建议。方法根据《系统性综述和元分析首选报告项目》指南，我们在 2022 年 9 月进行了文献检索，使用的术语结合了抵押贷款歧视、健康和邻里环境等概念。在这些文献中，研究人员调查了抵押贷款歧视与以下方面的关系(1) 健康结果（N = 28）；(2) 环境和社会暴露，包括热量、空气污染、绿地、土壤含铅量和犯罪（N = 12）；(3) 建筑环境特征，包括零售酒类、快餐和烟草店的存在（N = 5）。其中 11 项研究使用了《住房抵押贷款歧视法》（HMDA）数据来识别抵押贷款歧视或红线中的种族偏见，34 项研究使用了房主贷款公司（HOLC）地图。结论我们的综述结果表明，有必要仔细考虑分析抵押贷款歧视的最佳方法，如 HOLC 空间分配或 HMDA 指数参数化、协变量的考虑以及基于研究地点的地方知识。

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.