Flame-retardant, recyclable, and hydrothermally degradable epoxy resins and their degradation products for high-strength adhesives

IF 4.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s11705-024-2497-y

Yue-Rong Zhang, Zhen Qin, Song Gu, Jia-Xin Zhao, Xian-Yue Xiang, Chuan Liu, Yu-Zhong Wang, Li Chen

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Abstract

To date, sustainable thermosetting polymers and their composites have emerged to address recyclability issues. However, achieving mild degradation of these polymers compromises their comprehensive properties such as flame retardancy and glass transition temperature (T_g). Moreover, the reuse of degradation products after recycling for upcycling remains a significant challenge. This study introduces phosphorus-containing anhydride into tetraglycidyl methylene diphenylamine via a facile anhydride-epoxy curing equilibrium with triethanolamine as a transesterification modifier to successfully prepare flame-retardant, malleable, reprocessable, and easily hydrothermally degradable epoxy vitrimers and recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (CFRECs). The composite exhibited excellent flame retardancy and a high T_g of 192 °C, while the presence of stoichiometric primary hydroxyl groups along the ester-bonding crosslinks enabled environmentally friendly degradation (in H₂O) at 200 °C without any external catalyst. Under mild degradation conditions, the fibers of the composite material were successfully recycled without being damaged, and the degradation products were reused to create a recyclable adhesive with a peel strength of 3.5 MPa. This work presents a method to produce flame retardants and sustainable CFRECs for maximizing the value of degradation products, offering a new upcycling method for high-end applications.

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用于高强度粘合剂的阻燃、可回收和水热降解环氧树脂及其降解产物

迄今为止，可持续热固性聚合物及其复合材料已经出现，以解决可回收性问题。然而，实现这些聚合物的温和降解会损害它们的综合性能，如阻燃性和玻璃转化温度（Tg）。此外，回收后的降解产物如何再利用以实现升级再循环仍是一项重大挑战。本研究以三乙醇胺为酯交换改性剂，通过简便的酸酐-环氧固化平衡将含磷酸酐引入四缩水甘油基亚甲基二苯胺，成功制备出阻燃、可延展、可再加工、易水热降解的环氧玻璃rimers 和可回收碳纤维增强环氧复合材料（CFRECs）。这种复合材料具有优异的阻燃性能，Tg 值高达 192 ℃，同时，由于酯键交联处存在符合一定比例的伯羟基，因此可在 200 ℃ 下进行环境友好型降解（在 H2O 中），无需任何外部催化剂。在温和的降解条件下，复合材料的纤维可成功回收而不受损坏，降解产物可重新用于制造剥离强度为 3.5 兆帕的可回收粘合剂。这项研究提出了一种生产阻燃剂和可持续 CFREC 的方法，最大限度地提高了降解产物的价值，为高端应用提供了一种新的升级再循环方法。

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来源期刊

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL-

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

6.70%

发文量

868

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering presents the latest developments in chemical science and engineering, emphasizing emerging and multidisciplinary fields and international trends in research and development. The journal promotes communication and exchange between scientists all over the world. The contents include original reviews, research papers and short communications. Coverage includes catalysis and reaction engineering, clean energy, functional material, nanotechnology and nanoscience, biomaterials and biotechnology, particle technology and multiphase processing, separation science and technology, sustainable technologies and green processing.