Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms: which one is more toxic—technical grade or commercial formulation?

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Rajib Majumder
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Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is among the most widely sold organophosphates in the agriculture sector worldwide. Static bioassays were performed in the laboratory to compare the acute toxicity between the technical grade (94% a.i.) and commercial formulation (20% EC) of chlorpyrifos to four freshwater organisms: the crustacean zooplankton Cyclops viridis, the oligochaete worm Branchiura sowerbyi, the gastropod Pila globosa, and tadpole larvae of Duttaphrynus melanostictus. The recovery of actual chlorpyrifos concentrations in water after 2 h of exposure to the nominal concentrations ranged from 82.98% to 88.56%. The commercial formulation (F) of chlorpyrifos was found to be 1.94 to 2.76 times more toxic than the technical grade (T). Based on 96 h LC50 values of T and F chlorpyrifos, C. viridis was found to be most sensitive (0.56 and 0.25 μg/L) and P. globosa as most tolerant (1482 and 536 μg/L) to chlorpyrifos. Changes in LC50 values of both T and F chlorpyrifos were noted in respect of exposure hours for the three aquatic invertebrates and the tadpole larvae of the toad. In conclusion, the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms differs between technical grade and commercial formulations.

Abstract Image

毒死蜱对一些非目标淡水生物的急性毒性:技术级和商业配方哪个毒性更大?
毒死蜱是全球农业领域销售最广泛的有机磷之一。在实验室中进行了静态生物测定,以比较毒死蜱工业级(94%有效成分)和商业制剂(20%EC)对四种淡水生物的急性毒性:甲壳类浮游动物 Cyclops viridis、寡毛类蠕虫 Branchiura sowerbyi、腹足类 Pila globosa 和 Duttaphrynus melanostictus 的蝌蚪幼虫。接触标称浓度 2 小时后,水中毒死蜱实际浓度的恢复率为 82.98% 至 88.56%。毒死蜱商业制剂(F)的毒性是工业级(T)的 1.94 至 2.76 倍。根据毒死蜱 T 和毒死蜱 F 的 96 小时半数致死浓度值,毒死蜱最敏感(0.56 和 0.25 μg/L),而球茎藻对毒死蜱最耐受(1482 和 536 μg/L)。对于三种水生无脊椎动物和蟾蜍的蝌蚪幼虫来说,毒死蜱 T 和 F 的半数致死浓度值随着接触时间的延长而变化。总之,毒死蜱对一些非目标淡水生物的急性毒性在工业级制剂和商业制剂之间存在差异。
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来源期刊
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology 环境科学-毒理学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
107
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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