{"title":"Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Studies of Nickel-Doped β-Ga2O3 Monoclinic and Spinel Polycrystalline Powders","authors":"Anju Babu, N. Madhusudhana Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11452-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>β-Gallium oxide has well-studied electrical characteristics but relatively less explored optical as well as magnetic properties. In this work, pure and Ni-doped β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline powders were prepared using a hydrothermal method to study the structural, optical, and magnetic properties at various concentrations of Ni at 1 M%, 3 M%, 5 M%, and 7 M%. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> up to Ni 1 M% doping. The formation of additional peaks was observed exclusively for the samples doped with Ni from 3 M% to 7 M%. These additional peaks belong to NiGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> that has an inverse spinel structure. The reflectance studies using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows a reduction in bandgap from approximately 4.7 eV to 4.1 eV with the addition of the dopant. The emission peaks observed from photoluminescence studies shows UV, blue, and green emissions with varying intensity. Room-temperature magnetic studies performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed a transition from the diamagnetic state of the pure sample to the antiferromagnetic state with increasing Ni concentration in the doped samples. The diamagnetic properties of β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> makes it ineffective in spintronic applications. From the present work, the improved magnetism due to Ni doping coupled with the optical properties suggests that nickel-doped gallium oxide can be used as an optical magnetic bifunctional material.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Electronic Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11452-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
β-Gallium oxide has well-studied electrical characteristics but relatively less explored optical as well as magnetic properties. In this work, pure and Ni-doped β-Ga2O3 polycrystalline powders were prepared using a hydrothermal method to study the structural, optical, and magnetic properties at various concentrations of Ni at 1 M%, 3 M%, 5 M%, and 7 M%. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic β-Ga2O3 up to Ni 1 M% doping. The formation of additional peaks was observed exclusively for the samples doped with Ni from 3 M% to 7 M%. These additional peaks belong to NiGa2O4 that has an inverse spinel structure. The reflectance studies using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows a reduction in bandgap from approximately 4.7 eV to 4.1 eV with the addition of the dopant. The emission peaks observed from photoluminescence studies shows UV, blue, and green emissions with varying intensity. Room-temperature magnetic studies performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed a transition from the diamagnetic state of the pure sample to the antiferromagnetic state with increasing Ni concentration in the doped samples. The diamagnetic properties of β-Ga2O3 makes it ineffective in spintronic applications. From the present work, the improved magnetism due to Ni doping coupled with the optical properties suggests that nickel-doped gallium oxide can be used as an optical magnetic bifunctional material.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) reports monthly on the science and technology of electronic materials, while examining new applications for semiconductors, magnetic alloys, dielectrics, nanoscale materials, and photonic materials. The journal welcomes articles on methods for preparing and evaluating the chemical, physical, electronic, and optical properties of these materials. Specific areas of interest are materials for state-of-the-art transistors, nanotechnology, electronic packaging, detectors, emitters, metallization, superconductivity, and energy applications.
Review papers on current topics enable individuals in the field of electronics to keep abreast of activities in areas peripheral to their own. JEM also selects papers from conferences such as the Electronic Materials Conference, the U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials, and the International Conference on Thermoelectrics. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists in the electronic materials field.
A journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.