The Ecological Strategy Determines the Response of Fungi to Stress: A Study of the 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol Activity Against Aspergillus and Fusarium Species

IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Artyom A. Stepanov, Nikita A. Shulaev, Alexey S. Vasilchenko
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Abstract

Aspergillus and Fusarium are two economically important genera of fungi. They cause significant yield losses and contamination of crops with mycotoxins. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4‐DAPG) on Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi. It is hypothesized that two fungal genera, which have different ecological strategies, react differently to stress caused by a secondary metabolite produced by rhizosphere Pseudomonas species. We found that 2,4‐DAPG was able to reduce biofilm formation of Aspergillus and Fusarium, as reflected in biomass and its chemical composition. Furthermore, subinhibitory concentrations of 2,4‐DAPG increased the levels of ergosterol and polysaccharides (α‐ and β‐glucans, chitin) in the cell membrane and cell wall of Aspergillus, while decreasing them in Fusarium. 2,4‐DAPG altered the production of secondary metabolites, especially mycotoxins and extracellular proteases. The production of ochratoxin A was decreased in A. ochraceus, and T‐2 toxin and zearalenone, on the contrary, were increased in F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides, respectively. Thus, using 2,4‐DAPG we demonstrated that the ecological role of fungi determines their reaction to antibiotic substances produced by the plant microbiome. Our data contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind symbiotic relationships in natural communities, which are mediated by the biosynthesis of antibiotics.
生态策略决定真菌对压力的反应:关于 2,4-二乙酰基氯葡萄糖醇对曲霉和镰刀菌活性的研究
曲霉和镰刀菌是两个具有重要经济价值的真菌属。它们会造成严重的产量损失和霉菌毒素对农作物的污染。在这项研究中,我们旨在评估 2,4-二乙酰氯葡萄糖醇(2,4-DAPG)对曲霉和镰刀菌的影响。据推测,这两种真菌属具有不同的生态策略,它们对根瘤假单胞菌产生的次级代谢物所造成的压力会有不同的反应。我们发现,2,4-DAPG 能够减少曲霉菌和镰刀菌生物膜的形成,这反映在生物量及其化学成分上。此外,亚抑制浓度的 2,4-DAPG 增加了曲霉细胞膜和细胞壁中麦角固醇和多糖(α- 和 β-葡聚糖、几丁质)的含量,而镰刀菌的含量则有所下降。2,4-DAPG 改变了次生代谢物的产生,特别是霉菌毒素和细胞外蛋白酶。赭曲霉毒素 A 的产量在赭曲霉中有所减少,而 T-2 毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的产量则分别在高秆镰刀菌和孢子镰刀菌中有所增加。因此,我们利用 2,4-DAPG 证明,真菌的生态作用决定了它们对植物微生物组产生的抗生素物质的反应。我们的数据有助于理解自然群落中由抗生素生物合成介导的共生关系背后的分子机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Basic Microbiology
Journal of Basic Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
134
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Basic Microbiology (JBM) publishes primary research papers on both procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoans, phages, viruses, viroids and prions. Papers published deal with: microbial interactions (pathogenic, mutualistic, environmental), ecology, physiology, genetics and cell biology/development, new methodologies, i.e., new imaging technologies (e.g. video-fluorescence microscopy, modern TEM applications) novel molecular biology methods (e.g. PCR-based gene targeting or cassettes for cloning of GFP constructs).
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