Source-oriented health risk assessment of heavy metals in a soil-river continuum in northwest China

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.09.001

Enqi Yang, Qingzheng Wang, Zepeng Zhang, Wenyan Shao, Haiping Luo, Xiong Xiao, Fei Ni, Jimin Mi, Xiazhong Sun, Qingyu Guan

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Abstract

Heavy metals can easily accumulate in soil and river sediment due to their non-degradability, which seriously endangers the balance of the ecosystem and human health. Thus, research on heavy metals in soil-river composite ecosystems has great significance for risk mitigation. As a seasonal river in a semi-arid region (Yuzhong county) in northwest China, the Wanchuan River supports nearly 500,000 people, but has been polluted by the heavy metals from industrial wastes and sewage discharges. To protect precious water resources and soil ecosystems, it is urgent to do heavy metal research in the Wanchuan River basin. Towards this end, the current study collected samples of soil and river sediment in this basin, and analyzed the distribution characteristics, health risks, and pollution sources of heavy metals, based on the pollution index evaluation method, health risk assessment, a geostatistical model, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The research results show that the contents of heavy metals in soil and river sediment were equivalent. However, contamination levels of heavy metals in stream sediment fell below that in soil. The results from the PMF model pointed out that natural sources contributed remarkably to the contents of heavy metals in soil, while industrial sources had the highest contribution to the contents of heavy metals in river sediment. According to the health risk assessment, among all selected metals, Cr brought about the highest carcinogenic risk, while As generated the highest non-carcinogenic risk. Source-oriented health risk assessment showed that natural sources (37%) and agricultural sources (50%), respectively, contributed most to the non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks induced by soil metals. Industrial sources contributed most both to the non-carcinogenic risks (46%) and carcinogenic risks (37%) induced by river sediment metals. The current research may offer theoretical bases for heavy metal pollution treatment in the soil-river continuum.

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中国西北地区土壤-河流连续体中重金属的源导向健康风险评估

由于重金属的难降解性，重金属很容易在土壤和河流沉积物中积累，严重危害生态系统的平衡和人类健康。因此，研究土壤-河流复合生态系统中的重金属对降低风险具有重要意义。作为中国西北半干旱地区（榆中县）的一条季节性河流，万川河养育了近 50 万人口，但却受到了工业废料和污水排放所产生的重金属污染。为了保护珍贵的水资源和土壤生态系统，在万川河流域开展重金属研究迫在眉睫。为此，本研究采集了该流域的土壤和河流沉积物样品，基于污染指数评价法、健康风险评估、地质统计模型和正矩阵因子化（PMF）模型，分析了重金属的分布特征、健康风险和污染源。研究结果表明，土壤和河流沉积物中的重金属含量相当。但是，河流沉积物中的重金属污染水平低于土壤中的污染水平。PMF 模型的结果表明，自然来源对土壤中重金属含量的贡献显著，而工业来源对河流沉积物中重金属含量的贡献最大。根据健康风险评估，在所有选定的金属中，铬的致癌风险最高，而砷的非致癌风险最高。以来源为导向的健康风险评估显示，自然来源（37%）和农业来源（50%）分别对土壤金属的非致癌风险和致癌风险贡献最大。在河流沉积物金属诱发的非致癌风险（46%）和致癌风险（37%）中，工业来源的贡献最大。目前的研究可为土壤-河流连续过程中的重金属污染治理提供理论依据。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Electronic Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

567