A review of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) as emerging contaminants: Environmental occurrences, emissions, exposure routes and toxicity

IF 12.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Yulin Wang , Qianqian Jin , Huiju Lin , Xiaotong Xu , Kenneth M.Y. Leung , Kurunthachalam Kannan , Yuhe He
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The widespread occurrence of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in the environment has raised concerns about their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). Here we review the lifecycle of environmental LCMs, focusing on their occurrences, emission sources, human exposure routes, and toxicity. Industrial emissions from Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) manufacturing and e-waste recycling are the primary point sources of LCMs. In addition, emissions from LCD products, air conditioning units, wastewater treatment plants, and landfills contribute to environmental occurrence of LCMs as secondary sources. Dietary routes were identified as the primary exposure pathways to humans. E-waste dismantling workers and infants/children are vulnerable populations to LCMs exposure. Exposure to LCMs has been shown to potentially induce oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and endocrine disruption. Accumulation of LCMs in the brain and liver tissues of exposed animals highlights the need for toxicokinetic studies.

Abstract Image

回顾作为新兴污染物的液晶单体 (LCM):环境发生率、排放、接触途径和毒性
液晶单体(LCMs)在环境中的广泛存在引起了人们对其持久性、生物累积性和毒性(PBT)的关注。在此,我们回顾了环境中液晶单体的生命周期,重点关注其出现、排放源、人类接触途径和毒性。液晶显示器(LCD)制造和电子废物回收过程中的工业排放是 LCM 的主要点源。此外,液晶显示器产品、空调设备、废水处理厂和垃圾填埋场的排放也是 LCM 在环境中出现的次要来源。饮食途径被确定为人类的主要接触途径。电子废物拆解工人和婴幼儿是容易接触低密度单体的人群。事实证明,接触低密度单体物质可能会诱发氧化应激、代谢紊乱和内分泌紊乱。暴露动物的大脑和肝脏组织中积累的 LCMs 突出表明需要进行毒物动力学研究。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程:环境
CiteScore
25.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
3059
审稿时长
58 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.
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