A Microencapsulated Blend Of Botanicals Supports Weaning Piglets During An Lps Challenge By Modulating Liver Inflammation And Intestinal Integrity

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae277

Andrea Bonetti, Benedetta Tugnoli, Federico Ghiselli, Grace Markley, Elizabeth Cooper, Andrea Piva, Chad H Stahl, Ester Grilli

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Abstract

This study examined the action of a blend of botanicals (BOT) against LPS-induced inflammation on cultured hepatocytes and weaning piglets. In vitro studies examined HepG2 cells treated with BOT and challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 days. BOT treatment reduced IL-6 concentration in cell culture media across time (p < 0.05) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression on day 1 and 8 of experiment (TNFα, IL-1β; p < 0.05). BOT also increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPX-2, SOD, CAT) on day 8 (p < 0.05), which was supported by lowered reactive oxygen species concentration after LPS challenge (p < 0.1). The in vivo study was conducted with 72 weaning pigs, allotted into 24 pens and divided into 3 groups: a negative control (CTR-, basal diet), a challenged control (CTR+) that received an intraperitoneal injection of E. coli O55:B5 LPS on day 14 and 16, and a challenged treated group which received a diet containing 1.5 g/Kg of microencapsulated BOT (BOT+) for the whole duration of the study. Growth performance was determined weekly and, on days 21 (one animal per pen) and 28 (remaining animals), pigs were sacrificed to collect liver and jejunal tissues. After challenge, BOT+ pigs had increased BW on day 21 (p < 0.05) and 28 (p < 0.1) compared to CTR+. Similar improvements in ADG and FCR on day 14-21 (p < 0.05) and 21-28 (p < 0.1) were also seen in BOT+ group. In the liver, compared to CTR+ pigs, BOT+ pigs downregulated the expression of TLR-4, IL-6, IFN-γ on day 21 (p < 0.05), and TLR-4, TNF-α, IL-8 on day 28 (p < 0.05). BOT+ also increased GPX-2 expression on day 21 and 28 (p < 0.05), while also upregulating SOD-1 and SOD-2 on day 21 (p < 0.05) and CAT on day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to CTR+. In the jejunum, BOT+ reduced inflammation by affecting cytokine expression (p < 0.05) and increasing the expression of tight-junction proteins, ZO-1 on day 21 and CLD-1 on day 28 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BOT+ pigs had lower crypt depth on day 21 (p < 0.1) and day 28 (p < 0.05), and increased villi to crypt ratio on day 21 and 28 (p < 0.05). By day 28, BOT+ intestinal measurements were restored to values similar to the CTR-. Finally, BOT+ also reduced mast cell activation on day 21 (p < 0.05) compared to CTR+. Considering all the findings, BOT controlled inflammatory activation and the oxidative stress in liver cells, enhanced intestinal integrity, and as a result improved the growth performance of weaning piglets challenged with LPS.

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微胶囊植物混合物通过调节肝脏炎症和肠道完整性，支持断奶仔猪接受 Lps 挑战

本研究考察了混合植物药（BOT）对 LPS 诱导的肝细胞和断奶仔猪炎症的作用。体外研究检查了经 BOT 处理并接受大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）挑战 8 天的 HepG2 细胞。BOT 处理降低了细胞培养基中不同时间的 IL-6 浓度（pamp &;lt;0.05），并减少了实验第 1 天和第 8 天的促炎细胞因子表达（TNFα、IL-1β；pamp &;lt;0.05）。BOT 还能在第 8 天提高抗氧化酶（GPX-2、SOD、CAT）的表达量（pamp &;lt;0.05），这与 LPS 挑战后活性氧浓度降低有关（pamp &;lt;0.1）。这项体内研究以 72 头断奶猪为对象，将其分配到 24 个猪栏中并分成 3 组：阴性对照组（CTR-，基础日粮）、在第 14 天和第 16 天腹腔注射大肠杆菌 O55:B5 LPS 的挑战对照组（CTR+）以及在整个研究期间接受含有 1.5 克/千克微胶囊 BOT（BOT+）的日粮的挑战处理组。每周测定猪的生长性能，并在第 21 天（每栏一只动物）和第 28 天（其余动物）将猪处死，收集肝脏和空肠组织。挑战后，与 CTR+ 相比，BOT+ 猪在第 21 天（p &p;lt;0.05）和第 28 天（p &p;lt;0.1）的体重有所增加。BOT+ 组在第 14-21 天（p < 0.05）和第 21-28 天（p < 0.1）的 ADG 和 FCR 也有类似的改善。在肝脏中，与 CTR+ 猪相比，BOT+ 猪在第 21 天降低了 TLR-4、IL-6、IFN-γ 的表达（p &p;lt;0.05），在第 28 天降低了 TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-8 的表达（p &p;lt;0.05）。与 CTR+ 相比，BOT+ 还增加了 GPX-2 在第 21 天和第 28 天的表达（pamp &;lt;0.05），同时还上调了 SOD-1 和 SOD-2 在第 21 天的表达（pamp &;lt;0.05）以及 CAT 在第 28 天的表达（pamp &;lt;0.05）。在空肠中，BOT+ 通过影响细胞因子的表达（p< 0.05）和增加紧密连接蛋白的表达（第 21 天为 ZO-1，第 28 天为 CLD-1，p< 0.05）来减少炎症。此外，BOT+猪的隐窝深度在第 21 天（p &p;lt;0.1）和第 28 天（p &p;lt;0.05）较低，绒毛与隐窝的比率在第 21 天和第 28 天有所增加（p &p;lt;0.05）。到第 28 天，BOT+ 的肠道测量值恢复到与 CTR- 相似。最后，与 CTR+ 相比，BOT+ 还降低了肥大细胞在第 21 天的活化（p &;lt;0.05）。综上所述，BOT 控制了肝细胞的炎症活化和氧化应激，增强了肠道完整性，从而改善了断奶仔猪的生长性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.