The influence of lactation on insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and cytokines in pregnant mares

IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
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Abstract

Glucose metabolism adapts to gestation, resulting in progressive physiological insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion to maintain maternal euglycemia and glucose availability for the developing fetus. These changes can impact mare fertility and maternal and neonatal health. This is the first comparison of body condition, regional adiposity, insulin and glucose dynamics, lipid metabolism, and cytokine production between lactating and non-lactating mares before, during pregnancy, and early postpartum. Twelve pregnancies from 9 broodmares, five nonlactating (NL) and seven lactating (L), were used. Evaluations were performed on the day of ovulation, at 55, 110, 165, 220, 275, and 330 days of gestation (D55, D110, D165, D220, D275, D330) and 21 days postpartum (21pp). Mares in the L group had lower basal insulin and glucose at the beginning of pregnancy, smaller area under the curve of insulin and glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Resistin was higher in D110 and D165 than in D0, D275, 330 and 21pp, while leptin was higher in D55, and in D110, at D110 it was equal to D0, D220, and D275, but higher than at D330 and D21pp. As for the groups, L presented lower body condition score (BCS), crest neck score (CNS), rump fat thickness (RUM), basal insulin, glucose area under the curve (AUCg), MIRG and higher RISQI, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). There was no effect over time in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations between the L mares; in the NL, D275 presented higher concentrations than those of D0, D55, and D110, which in turn were equal to the other time points; there were higher concentrations in NL mares than L in samples D165 and D275. In conclusion, a different metabolic profile during pregnancy was detected, and NL mares were closer to the metabolic threshold for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome during pregnancy. Understanding the impacts of these differences on mare's health and their offspring's future is fundamental as most of our recipient mares for embryo transfer are non-lactating. Therefore, we suggest that further studies be performed to evaluate lactation's influence on mares' metabolic parameters.

泌乳对怀孕母马胰岛素和葡萄糖代谢、血脂状况及细胞因子的影响
葡萄糖代谢与妊娠相适应,导致生理性胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌增加,以维持母体的优血糖和胎儿发育所需的葡萄糖。这些变化会影响母马的生育能力以及孕产妇和新生儿的健康。这是首次比较哺乳母马和非哺乳母马在怀孕前、怀孕期间和产后早期的身体状况、区域脂肪含量、胰岛素和葡萄糖动态、脂代谢和细胞因子分泌。研究使用了来自 9 头母马的 12 次妊娠,其中 5 头为非哺乳期母马(NL),7 头为哺乳期母马(L)。评估在排卵日、妊娠 55、110、165、220、275 和 330 天(D55、D110、D165、D220、D275、D330)以及产后 21 天(21pp)进行。妊娠初期,L 组母马的基础胰岛素和血糖较低,胰岛素和血糖曲线下面积较小,胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量较高。D110和D165组的抵抗素高于D0、D275、330和21pp组,而D55和D110组的瘦素较高,D110组的瘦素与D0、D220和D275组相同,但高于D330和D21pp组。在各组中,L组的体况评分(BCS)、嵴颈评分(CNS)、臀部脂肪厚度(RUM)、基础胰岛素、葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUCg)、MIRG较低,而RISQI、脂肪连素和肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)较高。L型母马的非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)浓度随时间变化没有影响;在NL型母马中,D275的浓度高于D0、D55和D110,而D0、D55和D110与其他时间点的浓度相同;在D165和D275样本中,NL型母马的浓度高于L型母马。总之,在妊娠期间检测到了不同的代谢特征,NL母马更接近妊娠期间发生代谢综合征的代谢阈值。了解这些差异对母马健康及其后代的影响至关重要,因为我们胚胎移植的大部分受体母马都是非哺乳母马。因此,我们建议开展进一步研究,评估哺乳期对母马代谢参数的影响。
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来源期刊
Theriogenology
Theriogenology 农林科学-生殖生物学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
14.30%
发文量
387
审稿时长
72 days
期刊介绍: Theriogenology provides an international forum for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals in animal reproductive biology. This acclaimed journal publishes articles on a wide range of topics in reproductive and developmental biology, of domestic mammal, avian, and aquatic species as well as wild species which are the object of veterinary care in research or conservation programs.
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