EarthWorks: Zero waste 3D printed earthen formwork for shape-optimized, reinforced concrete construction

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Construction and Building Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138387

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rapid global urbanization is driving governments and builders to seek paradigm-shifting technologies to speed the construction of housing and infrastructure at a low economic and carbon cost. Here, we present a novel method for fabricating materially efficient, shape-optimized, code-compliant, reinforced concrete structures cast in directly recyclable 3D printed earth formwork, hereby referred to as EarthWorks. This research demonstrates the potential of zero waste, circular formwork that can be manufactured with construction waste soils directly on site. Methods are described for formwork design and toolpathing that accounts for hydrostatic pressure, conventional reinforcement, high accuracy connections, and the fabrication of complex, 3D-shaped geometry with continuous extrusion. In addition, the building design and performance potential of the EarthWorks method are assessed and compared to existing additive formwork technologies from a carbon perspective. Case studies are fabricated demonstrating cast-in-place, tilt-up, and on-site prefab methods to produce bespoke columns, beams, and frames designed to California building code.

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EarthWorks：用于形状优化的钢筋混凝土建筑的零废弃 3D 打印土模板

全球快速的城市化进程促使各国政府和建筑商寻求改变模式的技术，以较低的经济和碳成本加快住房和基础设施的建设。在此，我们提出了一种新方法，用于制造材料高效、形状优化、符合规范的钢筋混凝土结构，并直接浇注在可回收的 3D 打印土模板中，以下简称为 EarthWorks。这项研究展示了利用建筑废土直接在现场制造的零废弃循环模板的潜力。研究介绍了模板设计和工具设计的方法，包括静水压力、传统加固、高精度连接，以及通过连续挤压制造复杂的三维几何形状。此外，还从碳的角度对 EarthWorks 方法的建筑设计和性能潜力进行了评估，并与现有的添加式模板技术进行了比较。案例研究展示了现浇、倾斜和现场预制方法，以生产符合加利福尼亚建筑规范的定制柱、梁和框架。

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来源期刊

Construction and Building Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

13.80

自引率

21.60%

发文量

3632

审稿时长

82 days

期刊介绍： Construction and Building Materials offers an international platform for sharing innovative and original research and development in the realm of construction and building materials, along with their practical applications in new projects and repair practices. The journal publishes a diverse array of pioneering research and application papers, detailing laboratory investigations and, to a limited extent, numerical analyses or reports on full-scale projects. Multi-part papers are discouraged. Additionally, Construction and Building Materials features comprehensive case studies and insightful review articles that contribute to new insights in the field. Our focus is on papers related to construction materials, excluding those on structural engineering, geotechnics, and unbound highway layers. Covered materials and technologies encompass cement, concrete reinforcement, bricks and mortars, additives, corrosion technology, ceramics, timber, steel, polymers, glass fibers, recycled materials, bamboo, rammed earth, non-conventional building materials, bituminous materials, and applications in railway materials.