Maternal separation during lactation affects recognition memory, emotional behaviors, hippocampus and gut microbiota composition in C57BL6J adolescent female mice

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

Background

Maternal separation (MS) in rodents is a paradigm of early life events that affects neurological development in depression. Adolescence is a time of dramatic increases in psychological vulnerability, and being female is a depression risk factor. However, data on whether different MS scenarios affect behavioral deficits and the potential mechanisms in adolescent female mice are limited.

Methods

C57BL/6 J female pups were exposed to different MS (no MS, NMS; MS for 15 min/day, MS15; or 180 min/day, MS180) from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND21 and subjected for behavioral tests during adolescence. Behavioural tests, specifically the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR) test and tail suspension test (TST), were performed. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota were also assessed.

Results

The results showed that MS180 induced emotional behavioral deficits and object recognition memory impairment; however, MS15 promoted object recognition memory in adolescent females. MS180 decreased hippocampal neurogenesis of adolescent females, induced an increase in microgliosis, and increased certain inflammatory factors in the hippocampus, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, different MS altered gut microbiota diversity, and alpha diversity in the Shannon index was negatively correlated with the peripheral inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Species difference analysis showed that the gut microbiota composition of the phyla Desulfobacterota and Proteobacteria was affected by the MS.

Limitations

The sex differences in adolescent animal and causality of hippocampal neurogenesis and gut microbiota under different MS need to be further analyzed in depression.

Conclusion

This study indicates different MS affect recognition memory and emotional behaviors in adolescent females, and gut microbiota-neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis may be a potential site of early neurodevelopmental impairment in depression.

哺乳期母体分离会影响 C57BL6J 青春期雌性小鼠的识别记忆、情绪行为、海马和肠道微生物群组成
背景啮齿动物的母体分离(MS)是影响抑郁症神经系统发育的早期生活事件的范例。青春期是心理脆弱性急剧增加的时期,而雌性是抑郁症的一个风险因素。从出生后第1天到第21天,C57BL/6 J雌性幼鼠暴露于不同的MS(无MS,NMS;MS 15分钟/天,MS15;或180分钟/天,MS180),并在青春期接受行为测试。这些行为测试包括开阔地测试(OFT)、新物体识别测试(NOR)和尾悬挂测试(TST)。结果表明,MS180会诱发青少年女性的情绪行为障碍和物体识别记忆障碍;而MS15则会促进青少年女性的物体识别记忆。MS180降低了青春期女性的海马神经发生,诱导小胶质细胞增多,并增加了海马中的某些炎症因子,包括TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6。此外,不同的多发性硬化会改变肠道微生物群的多样性,香农指数中的α多样性与外周炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6呈负相关。结论 本研究表明,不同的MS会影响青少年女性的识别记忆和情绪行为,而肠道微生物群-神经炎症和海马神经发生可能是抑郁症早期神经发育受损的潜在部位。
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来源期刊
Behavioural Brain Research
Behavioural Brain Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
383
审稿时长
61 days
期刊介绍: Behavioural Brain Research is an international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the publication of articles in the field of behavioural neuroscience, broadly defined. Contributions from the entire range of disciplines that comprise the neurosciences, behavioural sciences or cognitive sciences are appropriate, as long as the goal is to delineate the neural mechanisms underlying behaviour. Thus, studies may range from neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical or neuropharmacological analysis of brain-behaviour relations, including the use of molecular genetic or behavioural genetic approaches, to studies that involve the use of brain imaging techniques, to neuroethological studies. Reports of original research, of major methodological advances, or of novel conceptual approaches are all encouraged. The journal will also consider critical reviews on selected topics.
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