Voyage charterparty arrangement for river tramp shipping: Green and traditional vessels comparison

IF 6.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS
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Abstract

Voyage charterparty arrangement (VCA) for river shipping is a common agreement between a shipowner and a charterer regarding the transportation of specific cargoes from one port to another via a tramp vessel. Optimizing VCA with the essential terms such as laytime and sailing speed of the vessel, is a crucial task for both parties to reduce potential disputes and achieve win-win outcomes. This paper models the problem from two perspectives: the VCA negotiation stage and execution stage. Firstly, according to the given probability distribution of port time, the theoretically optimal laytime is obtained by using textbook formulation of newsvendor problems (NVP). On this basis, considering the concerns about the inaccuracy of the given probability distribution and the adjustment measures taken by charterers and shipowners in reality, an integrated adjustment model is constructed to determine the optimal laytime in the VCA negotiation stage. Secondly, taking into account the vessel's uncertain lock crossing time, an operations coordination model with information sharing of the berth plan is established to obtain the optimal sailing speed under a certain confidence level in the VCA execution stage. Finally, a case study of chartering tramp vessels on the Yangtze River validates the applicability and effectiveness of the models proposed in this paper, and some important management insights are derived. The results show that establishing lower optimal speed limits and relatively shorter laytime when signing a contract with the shipowner of green river vessels is reasonable for the charterer. By notifying the shipowner of the berth plan after the green river vessel crosses through the lock, the charterer can avoid higher demurrage costs due to speeding-up. Operations coordination would be mutually beneficial without abusing the contract terms. Compared to traditional river vessels, it's more reasonable to reduce the benefits allocated to charterers from the deceleration of green river vessels by shipowners.

内河杂货航运的航次租船合同安排:绿色船舶与传统船舶的比较
内河航运的航次租船合同安排(VCA)是船东和租船人之间关于通过杂货船将特定货物从一个港口运到另一个港口的常见协议。优化 VCA 的基本条款(如船舶的停泊时间和航速)是双方减少潜在纠纷、实现双赢的关键任务。本文从两个角度对该问题进行建模:VCA 协商阶段和执行阶段。首先,根据给定的港口时间概率分布,利用新闻供应商问题(NVP)的教科书公式,得到理论上的最优铺货时间。在此基础上,考虑到给定概率分布的不准确性以及现实中租船人和船东所采取的调整措施,构建了一个综合调整模型,以确定 VCA 谈判阶段的最佳停靠时间。其次,考虑到船舶过闸时间的不确定性,建立了泊位计划信息共享的操作协调模型,以获得 VCA 执行阶段一定置信度下的最优航速。最后,通过对长江上租用杂货船的案例研究,验证了本文所提模型的适用性和有效性,并得出了一些重要的管理启示。结果表明,在与绿色内河船舶的船东签订合同时,确定较低的最佳航速限制和相对较短的停泊时间对租船人来说是合理的。通过在内河船舶通过船闸后通知船东停泊计划,租船人可以避免因加速而产生的较高滞期费用。在不滥用合同条款的情况下,业务协调对双方都有利。与传统内河船舶相比,减少船东从绿色内河船舶减速中分配给租船人的利益更为合理。
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来源期刊
Transport Policy
Transport Policy Multiple-
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
10.30%
发文量
282
期刊介绍: Transport Policy is an international journal aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice in transport. Its subject areas reflect the concerns of policymakers in government, industry, voluntary organisations and the public at large, providing independent, original and rigorous analysis to understand how policy decisions have been taken, monitor their effects, and suggest how they may be improved. The journal treats the transport sector comprehensively, and in the context of other sectors including energy, housing, industry and planning. All modes are covered: land, sea and air; road and rail; public and private; motorised and non-motorised; passenger and freight.
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