High soil moisture promotes the emergence of ground beetles and spiders from soils in wheat fields

IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Klarissa Kober , Klaus Birkhofer , Michael Glemnitz
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Abstract

Promoting arthropods in agricultural landscapes can contribute substantially to stop their decline and enhance pest control. Higher soil moisture and the presence of field margins can increase the abundance of arthropods in agricultural landscapes and influence their distribution within crop fields. However, little is known about the influence of soil moisture and distance from field margins on the overwintering of arthropods in arable fields. We investigated the influence of soil moisture and distance from a field margin on the numbers of arthropods, ground beetles and spiders emerging from soil in winter wheat fields. We established transects in winter wheat fields away from two different types of field margins: (i) around small standing water bodies (kettle holes) to capture a wide range of soil moisture values and (ii) other semi-natural landscape elements. At three distances (1 m, 20 m, 50 m), we sampled arthropods with emergence traps and measured soil moisture between March and June. We found that soil moisture had a positive effect on the emergence numbers of arthropods in general and ground beetles and spiders in particular. Distance from field margins generally had negative effects on the emergence numbers of ground beetles, but positive effects on the emergence numbers of spiders. Emergence numbers and soil moisture content did not differ significantly between the two types of field margins. The high emergence numbers inside the fields indicate that arable fields are important overwintering habitats for beneficial arthropods. Proper management of arable soils to promote soil water holding capacity and soil moisture content may have the added benefit of promoting the production of beneficial natural enemies from local soils.

土壤水分过高会促使小麦田土壤中出现地甲虫和蜘蛛
在农业景观中促进节肢动物的发展可大大有助于阻止节肢动物的减少并加强害虫控制。较高的土壤湿度和田边的存在可以增加节肢动物在农业景观中的数量,并影响它们在作物田中的分布。然而,人们对土壤湿度和田边距离对节肢动物在耕地中越冬的影响知之甚少。我们研究了土壤湿度和田边距离对冬小麦田中节肢动物、地甲虫和蜘蛛出土数量的影响。我们在冬小麦田中建立了横断面,这些横断面远离两种不同类型的田边:(i) 小型积水体(水壶洞)周围,以捕捉各种土壤湿度值;(ii) 其他半自然景观元素。在三个距离(1 米、20 米、50 米)处,我们用萌发诱捕器采集节肢动物样本,并在 3 月至 6 月间测量土壤湿度。我们发现,土壤湿度对节肢动物的出土数量有积极影响,尤其是地甲虫和蜘蛛。与田边的距离通常对地甲虫的出土数量有负面影响,但对蜘蛛的出土数量有正面影响。两种田边的出土数量和土壤含水量没有明显差异。田间的高出苗率表明,耕地是有益节肢动物的重要越冬栖息地。对耕地土壤进行适当管理,提高土壤持水量和土壤含水量,还能促进当地土壤中有益天敌的产生。
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来源期刊
Basic and Applied Ecology
Basic and Applied Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
10.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Basic and Applied Ecology provides a forum in which significant advances and ideas can be rapidly communicated to a wide audience. Basic and Applied Ecology publishes original contributions, perspectives and reviews from all areas of basic and applied ecology. Ecologists from all countries are invited to publish ecological research of international interest in its pages. There is no bias with regard to taxon or geographical area.
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