Soil organic carbon storage impacts on crop yields in rice-based cropping systems under different long-term fertilisation

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Rice production in the Yangtze River Basin accounts for 44.4 % of China’s total rice production. Exploring the response of crop yields to soil organic carbon (SOC) storage under various fertilisation treatments for maintaining high and sustainable crop yields is an urgent issue. A database containing information on crop yields, SOC content, environmental factors (climate and soil properties), and nutrient input from fertilisation was established from seven long-term experimental sites located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (operational since the 1980s/1990s) in two lowland rice-based cropping systems (i.e., rice–wheat rotation and rice–rice rotation systems). The study considered four treatments: no fertiliser application (CK); application of chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers (NPK); application of manure (M); and a combination of NPK and M (NPKM). Results showed that the NPKM treatment produced the highest crop yields, followed by the NPK/M and CK treatments. The NPK and NPKM treatments generally had higher sustainable yield indices (SYI, 0.34–0.74) and lower coefficients of variation (CV, 11–32 %) than the M and CK treatments (SYI: 0.29–0.62 and CV: 15–44 %) in both cropping systems across all sites. Crop grain yields were significantly increased with increasing SOC storage (0–20 cm) and followed a logarithmic regression in both systems, suggesting that a further increase in SOC content could lead to higher yields. Structural equation modelling indicated that fertilisation, soil properties, and climate together explained 75–77 % of the variance in crop yield in the two systems. The primary contributing factors were fertilisation and its associated changes in soil nutrients. Chemical fertilisers mainly had direct effects on crop yields, while manure had both direct and indirect (through improvements in soil properties) effects on crop yields. In the rice–rice system, SOC alone had both direct and indirect (through the improved availability of soil nutrients) positive effects on crop yields. Our findings emphasise the potential benefits of sequestering SOC not only for enhancing crop production but also for improving the stability and sustainability of crop yield from paddy fields.

不同长期施肥条件下土壤有机碳储量对水稻种植系统作物产量的影响
长江流域的水稻产量占中国水稻总产量的 44.4%。探索不同施肥处理下作物产量对土壤有机碳(SOC)储存的响应,以保持作物的高产和可持续发展,是一个亟待解决的问题。研究从长江流域中下游两个低地水稻种植系统(即稻麦轮作系统和稻稻轮作系统)的七个长期试验点(自 20 世纪 80 年代/90 年代开始运作)建立了一个数据库,其中包含作物产量、SOC 含量、环境因素(气候和土壤特性)和施肥养分输入等信息。研究考虑了四种处理方法:不施肥(CK);施用化学氮肥、磷肥和钾肥(NPK);施用粪肥(M);以及 NPK 和 M 组合(NPKM)。结果表明,NPKM 处理的作物产量最高,其次是 NPK/M 和 CK 处理。在所有地点的两种耕作制度中,NPK 和 NPKM 处理的可持续产量指数(SYI,0.34-0.74)和变异系数(CV,11-32 %)普遍高于 M 和 CK 处理(SYI:0.29-0.62,CV:15-44 %)。随着 SOC 储量(0-20 厘米)的增加,作物谷物产量明显增加,并且在两种耕作制度中均呈对数回归,这表明 SOC 含量的进一步增加可提高产量。结构方程模型显示,施肥、土壤特性和气候共同解释了两个系统中 75-77% 的作物产量变异。主要的影响因素是施肥及其相关的土壤养分变化。化肥主要对作物产量产生直接影响,而粪肥则对作物产量产生直接和间接影响(通过改善土壤性质)。在水稻-水稻系统中,仅 SOC 就对作物产量产生了直接和间接的积极影响(通过改善土壤养分的可用性)。我们的研究结果强调了固存 SOC 的潜在益处,它不仅能提高作物产量,还能提高稻田作物产量的稳定性和可持续性。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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