Revisiting the application and efficacy of phytochemicals of medicinal plants for the treatment of COVID-19

Abstract

The paucity of targeted medications and vaccines, coupled with the coronaviruses (COVID-19) outbreak brought by SARS-CoV-19, forced scientists to look for novel antiviral formulations. The absence of a specific treatment for COVID-19, designing new drugs and considering the use of plant-based products is crucial in the search for an effective remedy to target this deadly virus. Phytochemical medicines are faster and more cost-effective compared to conventional treatment methods. The potential use of plant extracts in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 may have its start with the abundance of naturally occurring chemicals obtained from plants. Coronavirus enzymes, which are necessary for virus infection and replication, can be inhibited by antiviral polyphenolic medications. Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids and many more are categorized as naturally occurring compounds that may be important in the development of antiviral treatments that block viral proteases. In this review, we presented up-to-date studies with special attention on challenges and side effects of medication and traditional plant-based therapies for respiratory problems. It also highlights the importance of plant-based antiviral compounds, particularly in the development of a broad-spectrum medication against coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2.