Effects of Virtual Reality on Biomechanical Parameters of Gait in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effect of virtual reality (VR) on biomechanical gait parameters (BGPs) in older adults. Specifically, the spatial-temporal parameters of gait, gait velocity, kinematics, and ground reaction forces, and examine how they are affected by VR interventions. To evaluate the effectiveness and validity of VR gait training and subsequently its potential integration into rehabilitation therapies. This review is a valuable contribution to the current literature as it does not limit its focus to a particular disease. By examining a wide range of studies, we sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of VR on the BGP in older adults. Our findings can inform future research on VR gait training and its potential role in rehabilitation for older adults.

Data Sources

Two authors independently conducted an electronic search from August 18, 2021, to December 17, 2021, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including articles published between January 1997 and July 2021.

Study Selection

The search yielded 1226 articles, and after exclusion, 16 articles were included in the analysis.

Data Extraction

The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials and experimental studies, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool, version 2, were used to assess the level of evidence and bias in the studies.

Data Synthesis

In our synthesis, we included data from 9 studies with a total of 217 subjects. The range of follow-up periods across these studies was 2-10 weeks, and 40% of the studies conducted the study in community-dwelling individuals. Of the randomized controlled trials, 9 had a low-risk level, whereas 1 study had moderate risk. All studies with control groups and low bias levels demonstrated a positive effect of VR intervention on the BGP in older adults.

Conclusions

Consistent evidence suggests that VR intervention has positive effects on gait performance in older adults.