Diversified spatial configuration of rapeseed-vetch intercropping benefits soil quality, radiation utilization, and forage production in the Yangtze River Basin

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Zongkai Wang , Chunyun Wang , Xiaoqiang Tan , Gengdong Gao , Ali Mahmoud El-Badri , Maria Batool , Zhen Li , Xueyin Ai , Jie Kuai , Jing Wang , Zhenghua Xu , Bo Wang , Guangsheng Zhou , Jie Zhao
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Contexts

Intercropping facilitates agricultural sustainability and intensification by increasing crop diversity at the spatial scale. However, the spatial configuration of intercropped crops, which is essential for enhancing crop-soil interactions and ecological services to achieve increased productivity and efficiency, remains understudied.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the effect of spatial configuration of hairy vetch/rapeseed intercropping on forage yield, economic benefits, and soil quality, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Three different spatial configurations of intercropping including 2:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1 ratios of hairy vetch (with variable planting density and position) and rapeseed (with fixed density and position) were designed and investigated through a two-year field experiment, compared with rapeseed (SR, 0:1) and hairy vetch sole cropping (SH, 1:0). The evaluation criteria included forage yield, crude protein yield, soil characteristics, nutrient accumulation, radiation use efficiency (RUE), land equivalent ratio (LER), and economic benefits.

Results

Intercropping rapeseed with hairy vetch showed significant competitiveness compared to rapeseed and hairy vetch sole cropping. Among the five systems evaluated, the 2:1 spatial configuration achieved the maximum biomass yield (18.4 Mg ha−1), net profit value (29,598.9 CNY ha−1), and LER (1.48) at the final flowering stage, followed by the 0.5:1 and 1:1 spatial configuration. Moreover, intercropping rapeseed with hairy vetch significantly increased soil available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) content, as well as soil enzyme activity. However, it led to a significant decrease in soil pH compared to rapeseed sole cropping. Principal component analysis indicated a negative correlation between soil pH and AP, AK contents, while a positive correlation was observed between soil AP, AK contents and the accumulation of P and K in all intercropping configurations. Additionally, structure equation modeling analysis revealed that intercropping systems enhanced forage productivity by improving RUE and the total accumulation of N, P, K.

Conclusions

In conclusion, rapeseed-hairy vetch intercropping, particularly the 2:1 spatial configuration could be considered a high-yield and high-quality winter forage intercropping system that alleviates forage shortages and promotes the development of herbivorous animal husbandry.

Significance

Optimizing the intercropping spatial configuration represents a promising strategy for developing ecologically sound and high-quality forage cropping systems, which holds great significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Basin and beyond.

油菜-燕麦间作的多样化空间配置有利于长江流域的土壤质量、辐射利用和饲料生产
背景间作通过在空间尺度上增加作物多样性,促进了农业的可持续性和集约化。然而,间作作物的空间配置对增强作物与土壤的相互作用和生态服务以实现增产增效至关重要,但这方面的研究仍然不足。目的我们旨在评估毛茸茸的薇菜/rapeseed间作的空间配置对饲草产量、经济效益和土壤质量的影响,并阐明其潜在机制。方法 通过为期两年的田间试验,设计并研究了三种不同的间作空间配置,包括毛茸茸野豌豆(种植密度和位置可变)与油菜籽(种植密度和位置固定)的比例为 2:1、1:1 和 0.5:1,并与油菜籽(SR,0:1)和毛茸茸野豌豆单作(SH,1:0)进行了比较。评价标准包括牧草产量、粗蛋白产量、土壤特性、养分积累、辐射利用效率(RUE)、土地当量比(LER)和经济效益。在评估的五种系统中,2:1 空间配置的生物量产量(18.4 毫克/公顷-1)、净利润(29,598.9 元/公顷-1)和终花期 LER(1.48)最高,其次是 0.5:1 和 1:1 空间配置。此外,油菜与毛蕊花间作能显著提高土壤可利用磷(AP)和钾(AK)含量以及土壤酶活性。然而,与单种油菜相比,间作会导致土壤 pH 值显著下降。主成分分析表明,土壤 pH 值与 AP、AK 含量之间呈负相关,而在所有间作配置中,土壤 AP、AK 含量与 P 和 K 的积累之间呈正相关。此外,结构方程建模分析表明,间作系统通过提高RUE和氮、磷、钾的总积累,提高了饲草生产率。意义优化间作空间配置是发展生态良好的优质饲草种植系统的一种有前途的策略,对长江流域及其他地区的农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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