{"title":"Stylized facts of metaverse non-fungible tokens","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130103","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) within the metaverse represent a rapidly emerging sector in the digital asset space. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the metaverse’s history and an analysis of the stylized facts of five metaverse NFTs: Axie Infinity, Decentraland, Enjin Coin, Theta Network, and The Sandbox. We examine market efficiency, volatility clustering, leverage effects, and the return-volume relationship. Our key findings show that all NFT returns exhibit kurtosis values significantly exceeding the standard value of three, indicating more peaked and heavier-tailed distributions than a normal distribution. Autocorrelation analysis reveals statistically insignificant results, suggesting minimal influence of past returns on current returns. The Hurst exponent fluctuates between 0.3 and 0.8, indicating relative inefficiency in log returns with varying degrees of trend reinforcement and anti-persistence. The GARCH(1,1) model confirms the presence of volatility clustering, with high persistence of volatility shocks over time, and most NFT returns exhibit a negative leverage effect, where negative returns decrease volatility. These findings provide critical insights for investors, content creators, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies and regulatory considerations in this evolving ecosystem. A comparative analysis using alternative metaverse-related assets from Bloomberg and Yield Guild Games enhances the robustness of our findings, enriching the academic discourse on digital assets and laying the groundwork for future research in metaverse NFTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437124006125","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) within the metaverse represent a rapidly emerging sector in the digital asset space. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the metaverse’s history and an analysis of the stylized facts of five metaverse NFTs: Axie Infinity, Decentraland, Enjin Coin, Theta Network, and The Sandbox. We examine market efficiency, volatility clustering, leverage effects, and the return-volume relationship. Our key findings show that all NFT returns exhibit kurtosis values significantly exceeding the standard value of three, indicating more peaked and heavier-tailed distributions than a normal distribution. Autocorrelation analysis reveals statistically insignificant results, suggesting minimal influence of past returns on current returns. The Hurst exponent fluctuates between 0.3 and 0.8, indicating relative inefficiency in log returns with varying degrees of trend reinforcement and anti-persistence. The GARCH(1,1) model confirms the presence of volatility clustering, with high persistence of volatility shocks over time, and most NFT returns exhibit a negative leverage effect, where negative returns decrease volatility. These findings provide critical insights for investors, content creators, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies and regulatory considerations in this evolving ecosystem. A comparative analysis using alternative metaverse-related assets from Bloomberg and Yield Guild Games enhances the robustness of our findings, enriching the academic discourse on digital assets and laying the groundwork for future research in metaverse NFTs.
期刊介绍:
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Recognized by the European Physical Society
Physica A publishes research in the field of statistical mechanics and its applications.
Statistical mechanics sets out to explain the behaviour of macroscopic systems by studying the statistical properties of their microscopic constituents.
Applications of the techniques of statistical mechanics are widespread, and include: applications to physical systems such as solids, liquids and gases; applications to chemical and biological systems (colloids, interfaces, complex fluids, polymers and biopolymers, cell physics); and other interdisciplinary applications to for instance biological, economical and sociological systems.