Maximilian Mellin, Gennady Cherkashinin, Wolfram Jaegermann, Jan P. Hofmann
{"title":"In Vacuo Scratching Yields Undisturbed Insight into the Bulk of Lithium-Ion Battery Positive Electrode Materials","authors":"Maximilian Mellin, Gennady Cherkashinin, Wolfram Jaegermann, Jan P. Hofmann","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02106","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing Li-ion battery (LIB) materials by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) poses challenges for sample preparation. This holds especially true for assessing the electronic structure of both the bulk and interphase of positive electrode materials, which involves sample extraction from a battery test cell, sample preparation, and mounting. Here, we introduce the method of in vacuo scratching as preparation for XPS measurements of LIB positive electrode materials, which can drastically reduce spectral contaminations and enhance spectral quality, enabling higher information gain. The benefits of this effective yet simple method are highlighted in comparison to Ar<sup>+</sup>-sputtering and air contact using commercially applied powder LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC333) as showcase material. For assessing interphase formation, the electrode material was soaked in electrolyte, and the effects of rinsing and in vacuo scratching were studied. This treatment results in high signal-to-noise spectra, yielding well-defined photoelectron spectra without the influence of the interphases and spectral artifacts from, e.g., Ar<sup>+</sup> sputtering.","PeriodicalId":16,"journal":{"name":"ACS Energy Letters ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Energy Letters ","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02106","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Characterizing Li-ion battery (LIB) materials by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) poses challenges for sample preparation. This holds especially true for assessing the electronic structure of both the bulk and interphase of positive electrode materials, which involves sample extraction from a battery test cell, sample preparation, and mounting. Here, we introduce the method of in vacuo scratching as preparation for XPS measurements of LIB positive electrode materials, which can drastically reduce spectral contaminations and enhance spectral quality, enabling higher information gain. The benefits of this effective yet simple method are highlighted in comparison to Ar+-sputtering and air contact using commercially applied powder LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC333) as showcase material. For assessing interphase formation, the electrode material was soaked in electrolyte, and the effects of rinsing and in vacuo scratching were studied. This treatment results in high signal-to-noise spectra, yielding well-defined photoelectron spectra without the influence of the interphases and spectral artifacts from, e.g., Ar+ sputtering.
ACS Energy Letters Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
31.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
469
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍:
ACS Energy Letters is a monthly journal that publishes papers reporting new scientific advances in energy research. The journal focuses on topics that are of interest to scientists working in the fundamental and applied sciences. Rapid publication is a central criterion for acceptance, and the journal is known for its quick publication times, with an average of 4-6 weeks from submission to web publication in As Soon As Publishable format.
ACS Energy Letters is ranked as the number one journal in the Web of Science Electrochemistry category. It also ranks within the top 10 journals for Physical Chemistry, Energy & Fuels, and Nanoscience & Nanotechnology.
The journal offers several types of articles, including Letters, Energy Express, Perspectives, Reviews, Editorials, Viewpoints and Energy Focus. Additionally, authors have the option to submit videos that summarize or support the information presented in a Perspective or Review article, which can be highlighted on the journal's website. ACS Energy Letters is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service/SciFinder, EBSCO-summon, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Portico.