Mini-cores of activated carbon block simulate full-sized performance for removing organics and arsenate from drinking water✰

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122461

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Abstract

Activated carbon block (ACB) filters are widely used in point-of-use (POU) drinking technology to remove tastes, odors, and organic compounds from drinking water, and when modified can even remove inorganic pollutants (e.g., arsenate, lead, copper). To introduce ACB technologies to the POU market, thorough assessment and testing are required to meet the National Sanitary Foundation 53 certification. Testing to gain this certification can be costly and time-consuming and is usually only done on the final product before commercial distribution. We developed and explored how a cylindrical “plug” cored from an ACB can be used in a mini-core apparatus with low water volumes, to mimic full-sized ACB performance. These mini-cores allow the same outside-in radial flow conditions as the full-sized ACB. After addressing potential hydraulic channeling problems, tests with chloroform or arsenate confirmed the ability of the mini-core ACB “plugs” to mimic the performance of full-sized cartridge unit. The benefit of the mini-core ACB “plug” lab-scale approach lays the foundation for testing methodologies that can evaluate a range of pollutants, water chemistries, or material modifications using a small fraction of water compared to full-sized ACB filter. Overall, the development of a mini-core ACB testing apparatus is a key advancement towards sustainable water purification, impacting environmental health, resource conservation, and global access to safe water.

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微型活性碳块模拟全尺寸活性碳块的性能，用于去除饮用水中的有机物和砷酸盐✰。

活性炭块（ACB）过滤器被广泛应用于使用点（POU）饮用水技术中，用于去除饮用水中的味道、气味和有机化合物，经过改良后甚至可以去除无机污染物（如砷酸盐、铅、铜）。要将 ACB 技术引入 POU 市场，需要进行全面的评估和测试，以获得国家卫生基金会 53 认证。为获得该认证而进行的测试既费钱又费时，而且通常只在商业销售前对最终产品进行测试。我们开发并探索了如何将从 ACB 中提取的圆柱形 "插头 "用于水量较小的迷你芯设备，以模拟全尺寸 ACB 的性能。这些微型核心可实现与全尺寸 ACB 相同的外向径向流动条件。在解决了潜在的水力通道问题后，使用氯仿或砷酸盐进行的测试证实，迷你芯 ACB "插头 "能够模拟全尺寸插装装置的性能。与全尺寸 ACB 过滤器相比，迷你芯 ACB "塞子 "实验室规模方法的优点是为测试方法奠定了基础，这种测试方法只需使用一小部分水就能评估一系列污染物、水化学性质或材料改性。总之，微型核心 ACB 测试设备的开发是实现可持续水净化的关键进展，它将对环境健康、资源保护和全球安全用水产生影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.