Weak Local Adaptation to Climate in Seedlings of a Deciduous Conifer Suggests Limited Benefits and Risks of Assisted Gene Flow

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Beth Roskilly, Sally Aitken
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Abstract

Assisted migration provides a potential solution to mitigate the increasing risks of forest maladaptation under climate change. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is a deciduous conifer species undergoing assisted migration beyond its natural range in British Columbia into areas that have become suitable based on climatic niche modelling. We established a seedling common garden experiment in raised beds in a warm location outside the natural range for three growing seasons, with 52 natural populations from across the species range and 28 selectively bred families from British Columbia. Intraspecific genetic variation in growth, phenology and cold hardiness was analyzed to test for signals of local adaptation and the effects of selective breeding to better understand the implications for assisted migration and breeding for future climates. We found weak differentiation among populations in all traits, with the proportion of additive genetic variance (QST) ranging from 0.10 to 0.28. Cold hardiness had the weakest population differentiation and exhibited no clines with geographic or climatic variables. Selective breeding for faster growth has maintained genetic variation in bud flush phenology and cold hardiness despite delaying bud set. The weak signals of local adaptation we found in western larch seedlings highlights that assisted gene flow among populations is likely to have limited benefits and risks for mitigating maladaptation with climate change. Our findings suggest that assisted migration outside of the range and selective breeding may be important management strategies for western larch for future climates.

Abstract Image

落叶针叶树幼苗对气候的局部适应能力较弱,表明辅助基因流动的益处和风险有限
辅助迁移为缓解气候变化下森林适应不良风险的增加提供了一个潜在的解决方案。西部落叶松(Larix occidentalis Nutt.)是一种落叶针叶树种,根据气候生态位模型,它正在不列颠哥伦比亚省的自然分布区之外向适宜地区进行辅助迁移。我们在自然分布区以外的一个温暖地区的高架床中建立了一个育苗共同园圃实验,共进行了三个生长季的实验,其中包括来自整个物种分布区的 52 个自然种群和来自不列颠哥伦比亚省的 28 个选择性培育的家系。我们分析了生长、物候和耐寒性方面的种内遗传变异,以检验当地适应性信号和选择性育种的效果,从而更好地了解辅助迁移和育种对未来气候的影响。我们发现种群间所有性状的差异都很微弱,加性遗传变异(QST)的比例从 0.10 到 0.28 不等。耐寒性的种群分化最弱,并且没有表现出与地理或气候变量的相关性。尽管延迟了花芽分化,但为加快生长速度而进行的选择性育种保持了花芽分化表型和耐寒性的遗传变异。我们在西部落叶松幼苗中发现的微弱的本地适应信号突出表明,种群间的辅助基因流动在减轻气候变化带来的适应不良方面的益处和风险可能都很有限。我们的研究结果表明,在未来气候条件下,协助向原产地外迁移和选择性繁殖可能是西部落叶松的重要管理策略。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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