Assessment of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties of hybrid mushroom strains derived through intergeneric hybridization between Pleurotus sajor-caju and Calocybe indica

Abstract

Our present study aims to evaluate the biological activities of the six hybrid mushrooms (APS) obtained through the protoplast fusion technique between two mushrooms Calocybe indica and Pleurotus sajor-caju, in our previous study. Antioxidant activity of hybridized mushroom samples was determined by the free radical scavenging method, using DPPH radical, Superoxide radical, and Hydroxyl radical. Additionally, all the mushroom extract has shown a good amount of total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content and also has potent Ferric reducing antioxidant power. The Total phenolic content, Total flavonoid content, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power were estimated. Six constituents: gallic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid were identified by UHPLC. The MIC values, zone of inhibition, growth kinetic, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to establish the antimicrobial efficacy. The tested samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A clear morphological change was observed under SEM when Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with APS-4 and APS-3 mushroom extracts. The ability to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-galactosidase has also been studied to explore antidiabetic properties. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase was APS-4 reflected a very prominent result with the lowest IC₅₀ value i.e.,118.058 ± 1.515, APS-2 and APS-6 showed almost similar IC₅₀ values. α – galactosidase inhibitory activity of APS-4 and APS-6 exhibit better results than other strains.