Analysis of facies proportions as a tool to quantify reservoir heterogeneity

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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Abstract

The geometry, orientation and stacking patterns of sedimentary geobodies play a key control on fluid migration within subsurface reservoirs, aquifers, and repositories. Outcrops and more recently virtual outcrops are commonly used as analogues to characterise geobody architecture and stacking. Traditionally, both reservoirs and their analogues are described with respect to the bulk proportion of different facies and architectural elements within the system. These are combined with geometric measurements of the different geobodies to describe heterogeneity.

This study presents a new methodology for quantifying the range of facies proportions within architectural element panels taken from outcrop analogues. This method measures the facies proportions within a series of vertical profiles and considers the statistical distribution, rather than the simple mean across the entire panel. The basic premise being that within a layer cake system, the spread in facies proportions will be very narrow whereas in a more “jigsaw” type system the spread will be much wider.

To test this hypothesis, a series of nine virtual outcrops from a range of clastic depositional systems including fluvial, shallow marine and deep marine settings, have been analysed. Depositional facies (architectural elements) were interpreted in LIME and a series of depositional strike-orientated orthorectified panels were extracted. The panels were then analysed, and the extracted facies proportions were translated to “net sand” distribution. Results were then compared with conventional analysis of reservoir heterogeneity.

Different depositional systems show distinct patterns. When arranged in depositional dip order, there is a systematic decrease in sand distribution spread down dip with significant resets at the boundaries between the major gross depositional environments (continental, shallow marine/shelf, deep marine).

作为量化储层异质性工具的岩相比例分析
沉积地质体的几何形状、方向和堆积模式对地下储层、含水层和储油层内的流体迁移起着关键的控制作用。露头和最近的虚拟露头通常被用作描述地质体结构和堆积特征的模拟对象。传统上,储层及其类似物都是根据系统内不同岩相和建筑元素的体积比例来描述的。本研究提出了一种新方法,用于量化从露头模拟物中提取的建筑元素面板内的岩相比例范围。该方法测量一系列垂直剖面中的岩层比例,并考虑统计分布,而不是整个面板的简单平均值。其基本前提是,在层饼系统中,岩相比例的分布范围很窄,而在 "拼图 "类型的系统中,分布范围则要宽得多。为了验证这一假设,我们分析了来自一系列碎屑沉积系统(包括河流、浅海和深海环境)的九个虚拟露头。在 LIME 中对沉积面(建筑元素)进行了解释,并提取了一系列沉积走向的正交面板。然后对这些板块进行分析,并将提取的沉积面比例转化为 "净砂 "分布。然后将结果与储层异质性的常规分析进行比较。按沉积倾角顺序排列时,砂分布向下倾斜呈系统性减少,在主要总沉积环境(大陆、浅海/陆架、深海)之间的边界有明显的重置。
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来源期刊
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Marine and Petroleum Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
475
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: Marine and Petroleum Geology is the pre-eminent international forum for the exchange of multidisciplinary concepts, interpretations and techniques for all concerned with marine and petroleum geology in industry, government and academia. Rapid bimonthly publication allows early communications of papers or short communications to the geoscience community. Marine and Petroleum Geology is essential reading for geologists, geophysicists and explorationists in industry, government and academia working in the following areas: marine geology; basin analysis and evaluation; organic geochemistry; reserve/resource estimation; seismic stratigraphy; thermal models of basic evolution; sedimentary geology; continental margins; geophysical interpretation; structural geology/tectonics; formation evaluation techniques; well logging.
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