Biaxially stretchable metamaterial absorber with a four-dimensional printed shape-memory actuator

IF 7.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
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Abstract

Among the various methods for strain sensing, the metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) stand out due to their dual capabilities. Specifically, MMAs facilitate the wireless detection of deformations in the target and operate independently of any external power source. However, conventional research has a limitation in that stretchable strain sensors are unable to deform themselves autonomously, which puts constraints on being efficiently utilised in special environments where human intervention is difficult. Herein, we propose a wireless, power-independent, biaxial strain sensor equipped with self-shape and frequency recovery capability that addresses the limitations of existing wireless strain sensors through the unprecedented integration of a 4D-printed shape memory actuator and a biaxially stretchable MMA. The novel integration with the shape memory actuator enables the stretchable MMA to autonomously recover to its original shape and absorption frequency after being heated to 70 °C for a few minutes. This smart functionality enables the resulting wireless strain sensor based on the proposed idea to revert to the original state when sensing a new target without requiring human intervention. The highly sensitive biaxial sensing capability is as follows. When stretched horizontally from 0 % to 30 %, the absorption frequency of the proposed biaxially stretchable MMA demonstrates a linear change from 9.75 GHz to 7.94 GHz, exhibiting a high sensitivity of 4.3 × 10^7 Hz/%. Similarly, when stretched vertically from 0 % to 30 %, the absorption frequency linearly changes from 7.35 GHz to 6.01 GHz, indicating a sensitivity of 5.9 × 10^7 Hz/%. Accordingly, the wireless biaxial sensing capability of the proposed stretchable MMA, as well as its shape-recovery functionality facilitated by the 4D-printed actuator are highly effective for remote strain measurement in environments where direct human involvement is impractical.

Abstract Image

带有四维印刷形状记忆致动器的双轴可拉伸超材料吸收器
在各种应变传感方法中,超材料吸收器(MMA)因其双重功能而脱颖而出。具体来说,超材料吸收体可无线检测目标的变形,并且无需任何外部电源即可独立运行。然而,传统研究存在一个局限性,即可拉伸应变传感器无法自主变形,这限制了其在难以进行人工干预的特殊环境中的有效利用。在此,我们提出了一种无线、不依赖电源的双轴应变传感器,它具有自形状和频率恢复能力,通过前所未有地集成 4D 印刷形状记忆致动器和双轴可拉伸 MMA,解决了现有无线应变传感器的局限性。与形状记忆致动器的新颖集成使可拉伸 MMA 在加热到 70 °C 数分钟后,能够自主恢复到原来的形状和吸收频率。这种智能功能使基于所提想法的无线应变传感器在感应到新目标时无需人工干预即可恢复到原始状态。高灵敏度的双轴传感能力如下。当水平拉伸从 0% 到 30% 时,拟议的双轴可拉伸 MMA 的吸收频率从 9.75 GHz 线性变化到 7.94 GHz,灵敏度高达 4.3 × 10^7 Hz/%。同样,当垂直拉伸从 0% 到 30% 时,吸收频率从 7.35 GHz 线性变化到 6.01 GHz,灵敏度为 5.9 × 10^7 Hz/%。因此,所提出的可拉伸 MMA 的无线双轴传感能力,以及 4D 印刷致动器促进的形状恢复功能,对于在人类无法直接参与的环境中进行远程应变测量非常有效。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
12.80
自引率
17.80%
发文量
769
审稿时长
19 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (IJMS) serves as a global platform for the publication and dissemination of original research that contributes to a deeper scientific understanding of the fundamental disciplines within mechanical, civil, and material engineering. The primary focus of IJMS is to showcase innovative and ground-breaking work that utilizes analytical and computational modeling techniques, such as Finite Element Method (FEM), Boundary Element Method (BEM), and mesh-free methods, among others. These modeling methods are applied to diverse fields including rigid-body mechanics (e.g., dynamics, vibration, stability), structural mechanics, metal forming, advanced materials (e.g., metals, composites, cellular, smart) behavior and applications, impact mechanics, strain localization, and other nonlinear effects (e.g., large deflections, plasticity, fracture). Additionally, IJMS covers the realms of fluid mechanics (both external and internal flows), tribology, thermodynamics, and materials processing. These subjects collectively form the core of the journal's content. In summary, IJMS provides a prestigious platform for researchers to present their original contributions, shedding light on analytical and computational modeling methods in various areas of mechanical engineering, as well as exploring the behavior and application of advanced materials, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials processing.
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