The Xilaokou carbonate-sulfide vein type gold deposit: A distinct mineralization in the giant Jiaodong gold province, North China

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY
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Abstract

The Xilaokou gold deposit with ca. 50 t of gold reserve @ 2.7 g/t represents a novel type (carbonate-sulfide vein type) of gold mineralization within the Jiaodong gold province. However, its mineralization age and metallogenic mechanism remain poorly constrained, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the ore-forming processes in the Jiaodong gold province. In this study, we employ syn-ore stage hydrothermal monazite in situ U-Pb geochronology to determine the ore-forming age of the Xilaokou gold deposit. Additionally, we conduct in situ LA-(MC)-ICP-MS elemental mapping and sulfur isotope analysis in ore-related pyrite to unravel the sulfur source(s) and provide new insights into the ore-forming processes of the Xilaokou gold deposit. Our findings reveal the following key points: (1) U-Pb dating of hydrothermal monazite in Au-bearing pyrite yields an ore-forming age of 119.9 ± 3.0 Ma. This age is consistent with the mineralization ages (around 120 ± 5 Ma) of other gold deposits in the region, including Liaoshang-, Jiaojia-, and Linglong-type deposits. (2) Gold in pyrite primarily occurs as micro-grains (5–20 μm) within pyrite fissures associated with sphalerite and galena. (3) Elemental mapping and sulfur isotope analysis indicate that major Au mineralization is linked to elevated concentrations of As, Sb, and Tl, along with heavy sulfur isotope values (δ34S∼24.7 ‰). (4) Early-stage Au mineralization is characterized by enrichment of As, Cu, and Bi, with normal sulfur isotopic composition (δ34S∼8 ‰). We propose that the carbonate-sulfide vein type gold deposits represented by the Liaoshang and Xilaokou gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold province are genetically linked to quartz-sulfide vein and disseminated type deposits. The major ore-forming stage involved the addition of S and Au from a metamorphic massif at slightly lower temperatures. These findings highlight a new exploration direction within the North China Craton. In summary, the Xilaokou gold deposit provides valuable insights into gold mineralization processes in Jiaodong, emphasizing the importance of considering diverse deposit types and their genetic relationships in the region.

Abstract Image

溪洛渡碳酸盐硫化物脉型金矿床:华北胶东黄金大省的一个独特矿床
溪老口金矿床的金储量约为 50 吨 @ 2.7 克/吨,是胶东金矿区内一种新的金成矿类型(碳酸盐-硫化物脉型)。然而,该矿床的成矿时代和成矿机制尚不明确,妨碍了对胶东金省成矿过程的全面了解。在本研究中,我们采用了同步成矿期热液独居石原位U-Pb地质年代测定法来确定溪老口金矿床的成矿时代。此外,我们还对与矿石相关的黄铁矿进行了原位 LA-(MC)-ICP-MS 元素绘图和硫同位素分析,以揭示硫源,并为西老口金矿床的成矿过程提供新的见解。我们的研究结果揭示了以下要点:(1)对含金黄铁矿中的热液独居石进行 U-Pb 测定,得出成矿年龄为 119.9 ± 3.0 Ma。该年龄与该地区其他金矿床的成矿年龄(约 120 ± 5 Ma)一致,包括辽上型、焦家型和玲珑型矿床。(2)黄铁矿中的金主要以微晶粒(5-20 μm)的形式出现在与闪锌矿和方铅矿伴生的黄铁矿裂隙中。(3) 元素绘图和硫同位素分析表明,主要的金矿化与高浓度的砷、锑和碲以及重硫同位素值(δ34S∼24.7 ‰)有关。(4) 早期金矿化的特点是富集 As、Cu 和 Bi,硫同位素组成正常(δ34S∼8 ‰)。我们认为,以胶东金省辽上金矿床和西老口金矿床为代表的碳酸盐-硫化物脉型金矿床与石英-硫化物脉型和浸染型矿床存在遗传上的联系。矿石形成的主要阶段是在温度稍低的变质地块中加入 S 和 Au。这些发现凸显了华北克拉通的一个新勘探方向。总之,溪老口金矿床为胶东地区金矿化过程提供了宝贵的见解,强调了考虑该地区不同矿床类型及其成因关系的重要性。
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来源期刊
Ore Geology Reviews
Ore Geology Reviews 地学-地质学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
27.30%
发文量
546
审稿时长
22.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Ore Geology Reviews aims to familiarize all earth scientists with recent advances in a number of interconnected disciplines related to the study of, and search for, ore deposits. The reviews range from brief to longer contributions, but the journal preferentially publishes manuscripts that fill the niche between the commonly shorter journal articles and the comprehensive book coverages, and thus has a special appeal to many authors and readers.
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