The evolution and relationship of the Yellow Sea warm current and the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass since the Mid-Holocene and possible ENSO influences

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
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Abstract

The Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) are crucial components of Yellow Sea oceanic dynamics. Investigating their historical relationships since the mid-Holocene, as demonstrated by modern observations, is highly important. We reconstructed their evolution using 37 surface sediment samples and core Z1 from the Yellow Sea. Basic end-member analysis of core sediment grain sizes revealed that end-member two had a dominant peak at 12 μm, indicating the evolution of the YSWC. The analysis of the structure of benthic foraminiferal communities in surface sediments indicated that the combination of Ammonia ketienziensis, Hanzawaia nipponica, and Astrononion italicum serves as a reliable indicator of the evolution of the YSCWM. By integrating sedimentological and micro-palaeontological evidence with published organic geochemical findings, we elucidated high-resolution evolutionary records of the YSWC and YSCWM since the mid-Holocene. Our findings indicate that the YSWC underwent rapid intensification with significant fluctuations during ∼6.0–3.9 ka. It then decreased to modern levels between ∼3.9 ka and ∼1.9 ka, remaining relatively stable during ∼1.9–0.0 ka, with enhancements noted at ∼1.4 ka and ∼0.3 ka. The YSCWM evolved synchronously with the YSWC after ∼6.0 ka, weakened and then strengthened during ∼6.0–1.9 ka, and maintained relative stability during ∼1.9–0.0 ka, with decreases observed at ∼1.4 ka and ∼0.3 ka. The YSWC and YSCWM exhibited opposite changes, similar to modern oceanographic patterns, except for synchronous variations during ∼4.0–3.9 ka, when the YSCWM was formally established. The decoupling of the YSCWM and the YSWC during ∼4.0–3.9 ka and the significant enhancements of the YSCWM at ∼2.5 ka and ∼2.0 ka when the YSWC slightly weakened are associated with the substantial influence of the ENSO climate phenomena on the coastal regions of East Asia from ∼4.0 ka to ∼1.9 ka. We propose that the YSCWM is more sensitive to ENSO, potentially making it more suitable for reconstructing the palaeoceanography and palaeoclimatology of the Yellow Sea.

全新世中期以来黄海暖流和黄海冷水团的演变及其关系以及可能的厄尔尼诺/南方涛动影响
黄海暖流(YSWC)和黄海冷水团(YSCWM)是黄海海洋动力学的重要组成部分。现代观测表明,研究它们自全新世中期以来的历史关系非常重要。我们利用黄海的 37 个表层沉积物样本和岩芯 Z1 重建了它们的演化过程。对岩心沉积物粒度的基本末端分子分析表明,末端分子二在 12 μm 处有一个主峰,表明了 YSWC 的演化过程。对表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫群落结构的分析表明,Amonia ketienziensis、Hanzawaia nipponica 和 Astrononion italicum 的组合可作为 YSCWM 演化的可靠指标。通过将沉积学和微观古生物学证据与已发表的有机地球化学研究结果相结合,我们阐明了自全新世中期以来深海西部通道和深海西部通道的高分辨率演化记录。我们的研究结果表明,在 ∼6.0-3.9 ka期间,YSWC经历了快速强化和显著波动。然后在 ∼3.9 ka 和 ∼1.9 ka 期间下降到现代水平,在 ∼1.9-0.0 ka 期间保持相对稳定,在 ∼1.4 ka 和 ∼0.3 ka 期间有所增强。在 ∼6.0 ka 之后,YSCWM 与 YSWC 同步演化,在 ∼6.0-1.9 ka 期间先减弱后增强,在 ∼1.9-0.0 ka 期间保持相对稳定,在 ∼1.4 ka 和 ∼0.3 ka 期间有所减弱。除了在 YSCWM 正式建立的 ∼4.0 ∼3.9 ka 期间出现同步变化外,YSWC 和 YSCWM 表现出相反的变化,与现代海洋学模式相似。在 4.0~3.9 ka 期间,YSCWM 与 YSWC 脱钩;在 2.5 ka 和 2.0 ka 期间,YSWC 略有减弱,YSCWM 显著增强,这与 4.0 ka~1.9 ka 期间厄尔尼诺/南方涛动气候现象对东亚沿海地区的巨大影响有关。我们认为,YSCWM 对厄尔尼诺/南方涛动更敏感,因此更适合重建黄海古海洋学和古气候学。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.00%
发文量
398
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is an international medium for the publication of high quality and multidisciplinary, original studies and comprehensive reviews in the field of palaeo-environmental geology. The journal aims at bringing together data with global implications from research in the many different disciplines involved in palaeo-environmental investigations. By cutting across the boundaries of established sciences, it provides an interdisciplinary forum where issues of general interest can be discussed.
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