Identification of the effects of low temperature on grain-setting rate of different types of late-season rice (Oryza sativa) during heading

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

The development of double-season rice cropping is advantageous for maximizing the utilization of radiation and temperature resources in rice production, while ensuring food security. However, late sowing often renders the late-season rice susceptible to cold stress during heading and flowering, leading to a low grain-setting rate and significant yield loss in subtropical zones. Despite this, the precise mechanisms through which low temperatures impact grain setting, along with the sensitivities of heading, flowering and pollination to cold stress, remain unclear across different types of rice. In this study, a field experiment involving multiple sowing dates and a pot experiment simulating low-temperature conditions during the booting and heading stages were conducted, using various late-season rice cultivars as materials. The heading degree, glume openness, anther dehiscence and pollen fertility were measured to determine their responses to ambient temperature. The results showed that late sowing significantly delayed the heading time of rice, exposing the plants to low temperatures during their heading and flowering in autumn. Under late sowing or simulated low-temperature conditions, the heading degree, anther dehiscence coefficient, and fertile pollen rate significantly decreased, resulting in lower grain-setting rates and grain yield across all rice types. However, glume opening remained unaffected in this study. The critical lowest daily temperatures for safe heading were identified as 18.5°C, 19.3°C and 22°C, and for safe anther dehiscence at heading, they were 19.9°C, 20°C and 22.3°C for japonica, indica-japonica hybrid and indica rice, respectively. Furthermore, the critical lowest daily temperatures for safe pollen fertility averaged 19.1°C, 20.2°C and 21.7°C in the 4–7 days prior to full heading for japonica, indica-japonica hybrid and indica rice, respectively. The cold tolerance in anther dehiscence of indica-japonica hybrid rice was similar to that of japonica rice but higher than that of indica rice, while the cold tolerance in heading and pollen fertility of indica-japonica hybrid rice was intermediate between japonica and indica rice. Path analysis revealed that low temperature decreased the grain-setting rate primarily by reducing anther dehiscence coefficient across all types of rice. Lower pollen fertility was another significant pathway through which low temperature decreased the grain-setting rate in indica rice. Planting japonica rice is recommended for the safe production of late-season rice in subtropical zones.

鉴定低温对不同类型晚稻(Oryza sativa)在抽穗期结粒率的影响
发展双季稻种植有利于在水稻生产中最大限度地利用辐射和温度资源,同时确保粮食安全。然而,晚播往往会使晚季水稻在抽穗和开花期易受低温胁迫,导致结实率低,在亚热带地区造成重大减产。尽管如此,低温影响谷粒结实的确切机制,以及不同类型水稻的抽穗、开花和授粉对冷胁迫的敏感性仍不清楚。本研究以多个晚稻栽培品种为材料,进行了涉及多个播种日期的田间试验以及在拔节和抽穗期模拟低温条件的盆栽试验。测定了水稻的抽穗度、颖花开张度、花药开裂度和花粉受精率,以确定它们对环境温度的反应。结果表明,晚播明显推迟了水稻的抽穗期,使植株在秋季抽穗和开花期间暴露在低温环境中。在晚播或模拟低温条件下,各类型水稻的抽穗度、花药开裂系数和可育花粉率显著下降,导致结粒率和谷物产量降低。不过,本研究中的颖壳开裂率仍未受到影响。粳稻、籼粳杂交稻和籼稻安全抽穗的临界最低日温分别为 18.5°C、19.3°C 和 22°C,安全花药开裂的临界最低日温分别为 19.9°C、20°C 和 22.3°C。此外,粳稻、籼粳杂交稻和籼稻在全生育期前4-7天的花粉安全受精临界最低日平均温度分别为19.1°C、20.2°C和21.7°C。籼粳杂交稻的花药开裂耐寒性与粳稻相似,但高于籼稻,而籼粳杂交稻的抽穗耐寒性和花粉受精率介于粳稻和籼稻之间。路径分析显示,在所有类型的水稻中,低温主要通过降低花药开裂系数来降低结实率。花粉受精率较低是低温降低籼稻结实率的另一个重要途径。建议在亚热带地区种植粳稻,以确保晚稻的安全生产。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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