Does the electric vehicle promotion policy drive Thailand's passenger transport towards environmental sustainability?

IF 10.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Vitoon Chotanapund , Shabbir H. Gheewala , Vladimir Strezov , Nazmul Huda , Ekbordin Winijkul , Anthony Halog , Jitti Mungkalasiri , Trakarn Prapaspongsa
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Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered an alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) for promoting sustainable transport, with environmental benefits depending on many local factors. This study performed a comprehensive life cycle assessment of passenger transport in major urban areas of Thailand, encompassing on-road, metro trains, and inland water transport, to determine the benefits of EV deployment. The findings showed that the vehicle life cycle (manufacture, maintenance, and disposal) was a significant contributor to human health and ecosystem quality impacts when comparing across transport life cycle phases in both ICEVs and EVs. Among private vehicles, with the current electricity mix, EVs had impacts on human health and ecosystem quality comparable to small-size ICEVs. At the projected 2037 electricity mix, the EVs will have lower impacts on human health, ecosystem quality and resource scarcity in comparison with the ICEVs. In scenario analysis, when considering only on-site emissions, it was found that private EV promotion had an environmental cost by about 16–43 % lower than the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, depending on the rate of EV adoption, while shifting to public electric buses or metro trains had a lower environmental cost by 21 % and 23 % compared to BAU, respectively. If assessing the full transport life cycle, shifting to public electric buses or metro trains had a lower environmental cost (22–23 %) than the promotion of EVs with current electricity mix (14 %). The effectiveness of environmental impact mitigation through deployment of private EVs might increase to a comparable level with public electric bus or metro train shifts when Thailand achieves the electricity mix target with 34 % of renewable energy in 2037.

Abstract Image

电动汽车推广政策是否推动泰国客运走向环境可持续性?
电动汽车(EV)被认为是内燃机汽车(ICEV)的替代品,可促进可持续交通,其环境效益取决于许多当地因素。本研究对泰国主要城市地区的客运交通(包括公路、地铁列车和内陆水运)进行了全面的生命周期评估,以确定部署电动汽车的益处。研究结果表明,在比较内燃机汽车和电动汽车的各运输生命周期阶段时,车辆生命周期(制造、维护和处置)是造成人类健康和生态系统质量影响的重要因素。在私家车中,根据目前的电力组合,电动汽车对人类健康和生态系统质量的影响与小型内燃机汽车相当。在预计的 2037 年电力结构下,电动汽车对人类健康、生态系统质量和资源稀缺性的影响将低于内燃机汽车。在情景分析中,如果只考虑现场排放,可以发现私人电动汽车推广的环境成本比 "一切照旧"(BAU)情景低约 16%-43%,这取决于电动汽车的采用率,而与 "一切照旧 "相比,转向公共电动公交车或地铁列车的环境成本分别低 21% 和 23%。如果对整个交通生命周期进行评估,转向公共电动公交车或地铁列车的环境成本(22%-23%)低于在当前电力组合下推广电动汽车的环境成本(14%)。当泰国在 2037 年实现可再生能源占 34% 的电力结构目标时,通过部署私人电动汽车来减少环境影响的效果可能会提高到与公共电动公交车或地铁列车相媲美的水平。
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来源期刊
Sustainable Production and Consumption
Sustainable Production and Consumption Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
17.40
自引率
7.40%
发文量
389
审稿时长
13 days
期刊介绍: Sustainable production and consumption refers to the production and utilization of goods and services in a way that benefits society, is economically viable, and has minimal environmental impact throughout its entire lifespan. Our journal is dedicated to publishing top-notch interdisciplinary research and practical studies in this emerging field. We take a distinctive approach by examining the interplay between technology, consumption patterns, and policy to identify sustainable solutions for both production and consumption systems.
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