Environmental variability shapes trophic and resource partitioning between epipelagic and mesopelagic biomes in oceanic provinces: Implications in a globally changing ocean

IF 3.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
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Abstract

Trophic links between the epipelagic (< 200 m) and mesopelagic layers of the Indian Ocean were investigated by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 2405 samples collected from 2002 to 2016, and that encompass the base of trophic webs, and primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. The samples include particulate organic matter, gastropods, gelatinous organisms such as salps and pyrosomes, crustaceans, mesopelagic fishes, micronektonic and nektonic squids, tuna and swordfish. Stable δ13C and δ15N values were used to investigate trophic and resource partitioning between epipelagic vs mesopelagic (migrators and non-migrators), feeding patterns (zooplanktivorous vs micronektivorous), and at seamounts and off-seamount locations. We also investigated how contrasting environmental conditions within two biogeochemical provinces, the ISSG (Indian South Subtropical Gyre) and EAFR (East African Coastal Province), influenced stable isotope patterns. Our data suggest that broad-scale biogeochemical differences and local environmental conditions significantly shape trophic and resource partitioning. In oligotrophic systems, epipelagic migrating and non epipelagic-migrating organisms rely on food webs where suspended particles are 15N-enriched and organic matter recycled/re-processed. We show that seamounts form strong isotopic topographic barriers (which we define as “isobiome”) that impact the trophic linkages/connections between epipelagic migrants and non-epipelagic migrants, and those with zooplanktivorous feeding patterns. This study reveals that the trophic and resource partitioning in the ocean is more complex than initially thought, when environmental variability, bathymetric gradients, and a wider range of samples are taken into account compared to earlier studies. We also showed that a warmer ocean led to a reduction in productivity, lower values of δ13C and δ15N, and potential shifts in food web trophic structure that remain to be investigated further. Finally, we discuss how important it is to unravel this complexity on a global scale given the vulnerability of epipelagic and mesopelagic communities due to anthropogenic pressures in the Anthropocene.

Abstract Image

环境变异塑造了大洋区表层生物群落和中层生物群落之间的营养和资源分配:全球变化海洋中的影响
通过对 2002 年至 2016 年收集的 2405 份样本进行碳和氮稳定同位素比对,研究了印度洋上下层(< 200 m)和中上层之间的营养联系,这些样本涵盖了营养网的底层以及初级、二级和三级消费者。这些样本包括微粒有机物、腹足类、胶状生物(如盐类和焦糖体)、甲壳类、中上层鱼类、微浮游生物和近浮游生物鱿鱼、金枪鱼和箭鱼。稳定的δ13C和δ15N值被用来研究上层与中层(洄游与非洄游)之间、摄食模式(浮游动物与微浮游动物)之间以及海山与海山以外地点的营养和资源分配情况。我们还研究了两个生物地球化学区--印度南亚热带环流(ISSG)和东非沿海省(EAFR)--内的环境条件对比如何影响稳定同位素模式。我们的数据表明,大尺度生物地球化学差异和当地环境条件在很大程度上决定了营养和资源分配。在寡营养系统中,上层洄游生物和非上层洄游生物都依赖于食物网,在食物网中,悬浮颗粒富含 15N 并对有机物进行循环/再加工。我们的研究表明,海山形成了强大的同位素地形障碍(我们将其定义为 "isobiome"),影响了上层洄游生物和非上层洄游生物以及具有浮游动物摄食模式的生物之间的营养联系/连接。与之前的研究相比,这项研究揭示了当考虑到环境变异性、水深梯度和更广泛的样本范围时,海洋中的营养和资源分配比最初想象的更为复杂。我们还发现,海洋变暖导致生产力下降、δ13C 和 δ15N值降低以及食物网营养结构的潜在变化,这些都有待进一步研究。最后,我们讨论了在全球范围内揭示这种复杂性的重要性,因为在人类世,上深海和中深海群落很容易受到人为压力的影响。
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来源期刊
Progress in Oceanography
Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.
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