{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions in response to tillage, nitrogen fertilization, and manure application in the tropics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106296","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cultivation of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) can emit significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to root respiration, soil organic matter decomposition, and fertilizer losses in a tropical environment. Our objective was to examine the effect of tillage (conventional tillage [CT], minimum tillage [MT], and no-tillage [NT]), N fertilization rate (0, 90, and 120 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>), and manure application rate (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) on CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions under maize in two growing seasons (July-October 2018 and May-August 2019) in southwest Nigeria. We measured CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes using the static chamber method and soil temperature and water content weekly, global warming potential (GWP), maize yield, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). The CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes peaked immediately following planting, fertilization, and intense precipitation, with most fluxes concentrated at 2–6 wk after planting. The CH<sub>4</sub> flux showed little change throughout the duration of the study. Cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were greater for CT and MT than NT, but cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> flux was greater for MT than CT and NT. Higher N fertilization rate increased N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes. The GWP was greater for CT than MT and NT and greater for 90 than 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Maize yield was greater for MT than CT and NT and increased with higher N fertilization rate. The GHGI was lower for MT than CT and lower for 120 than 0 and 90 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Because of overall lower maize yield, MT with reduced N ferilization rate in split applications may be needed to reduce GHG emissions while sustaining yield in the sandy soils of southwest Nigeria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198724002976/pdfft?md5=cde35e28229fc153b6bb4b8cd2f21fe4&pid=1-s2.0-S0167198724002976-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Soil & Tillage Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198724002976","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) can emit significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to root respiration, soil organic matter decomposition, and fertilizer losses in a tropical environment. Our objective was to examine the effect of tillage (conventional tillage [CT], minimum tillage [MT], and no-tillage [NT]), N fertilization rate (0, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1), and manure application rate (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha−1) on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions under maize in two growing seasons (July-October 2018 and May-August 2019) in southwest Nigeria. We measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes using the static chamber method and soil temperature and water content weekly, global warming potential (GWP), maize yield, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). The CO2 and N2O fluxes peaked immediately following planting, fertilization, and intense precipitation, with most fluxes concentrated at 2–6 wk after planting. The CH4 flux showed little change throughout the duration of the study. Cumulative CO2 and N2O fluxes were greater for CT and MT than NT, but cumulative CH4 flux was greater for MT than CT and NT. Higher N fertilization rate increased N2O and CH4 fluxes. The GWP was greater for CT than MT and NT and greater for 90 than 0 kg N ha−1. Maize yield was greater for MT than CT and NT and increased with higher N fertilization rate. The GHGI was lower for MT than CT and lower for 120 than 0 and 90 kg N ha−1. Because of overall lower maize yield, MT with reduced N ferilization rate in split applications may be needed to reduce GHG emissions while sustaining yield in the sandy soils of southwest Nigeria.
期刊介绍:
Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research:
The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.