ZDDP Tribofilm Formation and Removal

IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Mao Ueda, Hugh Spikes
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Abstract

While ZDDP tribofilm formation has been widely studied, the mechanism of ZDDP tribofilm removal during rubbing is still unclear. The study employs a ball on disc tribometer to monitor ZDDP tribofilm development in rolling-sliding, mixed lubrication conditions. It is found that when ZDDP tribofilms are formed very rapidly, as is the case with short alkyl chain, secondary ZDDPs, a large proportion of the initially-formed tribofilm is suddenly lost during rubbing. By contrast, the tribofilms that form more slowly from primary ZDDPs and longer chain secondaries are not partially lost during rubbing. XPS analysis showed that a rapidly-formed tribofilm before its partial removal has a very small Zn/O ratio, and a high BO/NBO. This suggests that such tribofilm contains a significant proportion of ultraphosphate, which is likely to have a relatively weak structure due to lack of stabilising cations. This may result in the tribofilm being partially removed when it reaches a certain thickness. By comparison, the remaining tribofilm, and also tribofilms that form slowly, have high Zn/O and low BO/NBO. This suggests that they consist of short chain polyphosphates and are thus stronger and more durable.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

ZDDP 三膜的形成和去除
虽然 ZDDP 三膜的形成已被广泛研究,但摩擦过程中 ZDDP 三膜的去除机制仍不清楚。这项研究采用了盘上滚珠摩擦磨损仪来监测在滚动-滑动、混合润滑条件下 ZDDP 三膜的形成。研究发现,当 ZDDP 三膜形成得非常快时,如短烷基链的仲 ZDDP,很大一部分最初形成的三膜会在摩擦过程中突然消失。相比之下,原生 ZDDP 和长链次级 ZDDP 形成三膜的速度较慢,在摩擦过程中不会部分损失。XPS 分析表明,快速形成的三膜在被部分去除之前,其 Zn/O 比率非常小,BO/NBO 很高。这表明这种三膜含有相当比例的超磷酸盐,由于缺乏稳定阳离子,其结构可能相对较弱。这可能会导致三膜在达到一定厚度时被部分去除。相比之下,剩余的三膜以及形成缓慢的三膜具有较高的 Zn/O 和较低的 BO/NBO。这表明它们由短链聚磷酸盐组成,因此更坚固耐用。
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来源期刊
Tribology Letters
Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程:化工
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
116
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.
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